included are

USAGE SUMMARY

"included are" is a perfectly valid phrase in written English.
It is used to indicate that certain items are included in a group or set. For example, "The new tax plan includes a number of exemptions; included are tax breaks for those with dependents."

✓ Grammatically correct

News & Media

Academia

Science

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

60 human-written examples

Included are St.

The New York Times

Included are personalized address labels.

The New York Times - Magazine

Also included are three soundtracks.

The New York Times

Also included are four photographs.

Columbia University

Also included are index cards.

Harvard University

"Included are more than 100 photographs".

The New York Times

Included are six capital felony counts.

The New York Times

Also included are three walking workout CDs.

The New York Times

Even the games included are haphazard.

The Guardian - Tech

Included are large swathes of Sicilian countryside.

The New York Times

Included are landscapes, architectural studies and portraits.

The New York Times - Arts

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

When using "included are", ensure that the items being listed are clearly relevant to the preceding subject. This maintains coherence and avoids confusion for the reader.

Common error

Avoid using "included are" when a simple list or a more direct statement would suffice. Overusing this phrase can make your writing sound unnecessarily verbose.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "included are" serves as an introductory phrase to list items or components that belong to a larger category or set. It functions to highlight specific elements within a more general context, as shown in Ludwig's examples.

Expression frequency: Very common

Frequent in

News & Media

41%

Academia

36%

Science

14%

Less common in

Formal & Business

5%

Wiki

3%

Reference

1%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

The phrase "included are" is a grammatically sound and frequently used expression to introduce a list of components or items belonging to a broader subject. Ludwig highlights its use across diverse contexts, ranging from news and academic writing to scientific publications. While generally neutral to formal, attention should be paid to the surrounding text for consistency. Alternatives like "consist of" or "comprise" offer similar meanings but may vary slightly in formality or emphasis. Therefore, use "included are" when a formal and explicit enumeration is needed.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

consist of

Highlights the components that make up something, often used for essential elements.

are comprised of

Emphasizes composition, focusing on the elements that constitute the whole.

are composed of

Similar to "are comprised of", but may imply a more structured arrangement.

are made up of

A more informal way to describe the constituents of something.

are constituted by

A formal alternative stressing the fundamental elements.

are featured

Focuses on highlighting specific elements that are part of a larger set.

are among

Indicates that the listed items are part of a larger group or selection.

incorporate

Highlights the action of including something as part of a whole.

embody

Suggests that the listed items represent or exemplify a concept or entity.

are present

Simply indicates the existence of certain elements within a context.

FAQs

How can I use "included are" in a sentence?

The phrase "included are" is used to introduce a list of items that are part of a larger group or category. For instance, "The benefits package includes health insurance; "included are" dental and vision coverage".

What are some alternatives to "included are"?

Some alternatives to "included are" are "consist of", "comprise", or "are made up of". The best choice depends on the specific context and desired level of formality.

Is it more formal to say "included are" or "are included"?

"Included are" tends to be slightly more formal and is often used for emphasis or stylistic variation. "Are included" is generally more common and neutral. Both are grammatically correct.

What's the difference between "included are" and "such as"?

"Included are" introduces a comprehensive list, while "such as" introduces examples. "The report covers various topics; "included are" market analysis, competitive landscape, and financial projections" suggests the report covers all those areas. "The report covers various topics, "such as" market analysis and competitive landscape" suggests these are just examples of the topics covered.