in vivo

USAGE SUMMARY

"in vivo" is a valid and commonly used phrase in written English, especially in fields such as scientific research and medicine.
It is a Latin phrase meaning "in living" and is used to indicate an experiment or study conducted in a living organism. For example: "We observed that the drug had the desired effect in vivo, but not in vitro."

✓ Grammatically correct

Science

News & Media

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

58 human-written examples

"We just don't know what happens in vivo," he said.

The New Yorker

For those who witnessed it in vivo, it must have been several orders of magnitude worse.

The Guardian

When you put it in the cells will undergo expansion in vivo".

The Guardian

The vertical occipital fasciculus: A century of controversy resolved by in vivo measurements.

The Guardian

Direct lineage reprogramming of post-mitotic callosal neurons into corticofugal neurons in vivo.

The Guardian

Simultaneous all-optical manipulation and recording of neural circuit activity with cellular resolution in vivo.

The Guardian

In vivo data   Tot.

Intensive Care Medicine Experimental

In vivo studies a.

Clinical Phytoscience

d In vivo digestion.

AMB Express

Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources

Similar Expressions

2 human-written examples

in vitro-in vivo correlation.

AAPS Open

Recommending these supplements, with no human in-vivo research to remotely suggest benefit, is unacceptable.

The New Yorker

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

When writing for a general audience, consider providing a brief explanation of "in vivo" (e.g., "in a living organism") to ensure clarity.

Common error

Avoid using "in vivo" and "in vitro" interchangeably. "In vivo" refers to studies conducted within a living organism, while "in vitro" refers to studies conducted outside of a living organism, typically in a lab environment. Make sure you are using the correct term to describe the context of your research or experiment.

Linguistic Context

In vivo primarily functions as an adverbial phrase, modifying verbs or adjectives to specify that an action or state occurs within a living organism. As Ludwig AI explains, this contrasts with "in vitro", which refers to processes outside a living organism. Examples from Ludwig demonstrate its use in describing scientific experiments and observations.

Expression frequency: Very common

Frequent in

Science

84%

News & Media

15%

Formal & Business

1%

Less common in

Wiki

0%

Encyclopedias

0%

Reference

0%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, the term "in vivo" is a formal, adverbial phrase predominantly used in scientific and medical contexts. It signifies that an experiment or process occurs within a living organism, differentiating it from "in vitro" studies conducted outside living systems. Ludwig AI confirms its proper grammatical usage. While alternatives like "within a living organism" exist, "in vivo" provides precision in technical writing. The term is very common in scientific literature and news reports about scientific studies.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

Within a living organism

This alternative directly defines the meaning of "in vivo", offering a less technical and more accessible explanation.

In the living body

A more emphatic version of "within the body", stressing the biological entity.

Within a living subject

Similar to "within the body", but emphasizes the individual organism being studied.

Within the body

This is a simpler, more direct way to express the concept of "in vivo", suitable for less formal contexts.

Inside a living system

This alternative highlights the complexity of the biological environment.

In a biological system

This generalizes the context to any living system, not necessarily a whole organism.

In situ

While broader, this term can overlap with "in vivo" when referring to observations within a natural biological context.

During life

This phrase emphasizes the temporal aspect of processes occurring in a living organism.

Under physiological conditions

This option focuses on the natural and functional state of the organism.

Living system analysis

This term is used when you are referring to living systems and perform analysis within it.

FAQs

How is "in vivo" used in scientific writing?

"In vivo" is used to describe experiments or processes that occur within a living organism, such as studies testing the effect of a drug on animals. For example, "The drug showed promising results "in vivo"" indicates the drug was effective within a living body.

What is the difference between "in vivo" and "in vitro"?

"In vivo" refers to experiments or studies conducted within a living organism, while "in vitro" refers to experiments conducted outside of a living organism, typically in a controlled laboratory environment. For example, cell cultures are studied "in vitro".

Can I use simpler terms instead of "in vivo"?

Yes, depending on the context, you can use phrases like "within the body", "in a living organism", or "during life". However, "in vivo" is a standard term in scientific and medical literature, so it's often the most precise and appropriate choice.

Is "in vivo" only used in biology and medicine?

While primarily used in biology and medicine, "in vivo" can be used in other fields when referring to processes occurring within a living system. For example, it could be used in environmental science when studying the effects of pollutants on living organisms "in their natural habitat".