Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
illustrated below
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
"illustrated below" is a correct and usable expression in written English.
You can use it when referring to diagrams, graphs, illustrations, or pictures that appear lower down on the same page as the sentence. For example: "The process is illustrated below."
✓ Grammatically correct
Academia
Science
News & Media
Alternative expressions(20)
is equivalent to
in the wishes of
rapidly thereafter
for the immediate future
Very soon
somewhere later
one week before
at the early time
in the next weeks
it is important to remember
during the previous years
to avoid disruption
not yet completed
in accordance with direction from
a couple of books before
if not soon
as excellent as
in a flash
as instructed by the directive
as tall as
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
60 human-written examples
The exercises illustrated below are classic starter moves.
Academia
Build on a flexible extension tube, in one of the ways illustrated below, if desired.
Wiki
This framing is illustrated below.
News & Media
This generation process is illustrated below.
Academia
Recent examples of research partnerships in dermatology are illustrated below.
Science & Research
The poses practiced in the study are illustrated below.
Academia
Carefully follow the series of steps illustrated below.
The maze used for the primary demonstration is illustrated below.
Academia
The PIMMS Cycle 21 effective areas are illustrated below.
Academia
The gateway belief model (GBM) is illustrated below.
Academia
The Gogo tone system, illustrated below, is basically tetratonic (within one octave) with a pentatonic extension.
Encyclopedias
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
Use "illustrated below" to clearly direct the reader's attention to a visual aid that provides further clarification or support for your text. Ensure the visual is indeed located below the reference.
Common error
Avoid using "illustrated below" if the visual aid is not actually positioned below the text reference. This can confuse the reader and disrupt the flow of understanding.
Source & Trust
84%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "illustrated below" serves as an adverbial phrase that modifies a verb, signaling to the reader that a visual representation providing further context or explanation is located later in the text. This usage is confirmed by Ludwig's examples.
Frequent in
Science
33%
Academia
28%
News & Media
10%
Less common in
Wiki
7%
Encyclopedias
2%
Formal & Business
2%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, "illustrated below" is a common and grammatically sound phrase used to direct readers to a visual aid located later in the text. As Ludwig confirms, it effectively enhances understanding by providing visual support. While suitable for diverse contexts, it's essential to ensure the visual is accurately placed below the reference. Alternatives like "as shown below" or "in the figure below" can be used for variety or to specify the type of visual. This phrase is most frequently found in scientific and academic writing, reflecting its role in clarifying complex information.
More alternative expressions(6)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
as shown below
This alternative uses "shown" instead of "illustrated", implying a more direct visual representation.
see the illustration below
This option is more explicit, specifying the type of visual aid.
in the figure below
This alternative is specifically for figures, such as graphs or charts.
as depicted below
Using "depicted" adds a slightly more formal tone.
refer to the diagram below
This clearly directs to a diagram, implying a structured visual representation.
presented in the following illustration
This phrase emphasizes the presentation aspect of the illustration, also the position is different.
for details, see below
This is a more general direction, not necessarily pointing to a visual.
the following figure illustrates this
This emphasizes the figure's role in clarifying the current topic.
below is a visual representation
This highlights the visual nature of the information being presented.
this is exemplified below
This indicates that the following content serves as an example or instance of the current topic.
FAQs
How can I use "illustrated below" in a sentence?
You can use "illustrated below" to direct readers to a visual representation of information. For example, "The process is illustrated below" indicates that a diagram or image depicting the process is located further down in the document.
What are some alternatives to "illustrated below"?
Alternatives include "as shown below", "see the illustration below", or "in the figure below", depending on the context.
Is it incorrect to use "illustrated above" instead of "illustrated below" if the image is above the text?
Yes, using "illustrated above" when the image is below the text (or vice versa) is incorrect and can confuse the reader. Choose the phrase that accurately reflects the placement of the visual aid.
What's the difference between "illustrated below" and "as depicted below"?
While both phrases direct the reader to a visual, "illustrated" is more general, whereas "as depicted below" suggests a more artistic or representational visual. The choice depends on the nature of the visual being referenced.
Editing plus AI, all in one place.
Stop switching between tools. Your AI writing partner for everything—polishing proposals, crafting emails, finding the right tone.
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
84%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested