Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
illustrated above
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
"illustrated above" is correct and usable in written English.
You can use it when referring to an image or data that is located in the same document or email above the sentence you are writing. For example: "As illustrated above, sales of our new product increased significantly over the last quarter."
✓ Grammatically correct
Science
News & Media
Academia
Encyclopedias
Wiki
Formal & Business
Alternative expressions(17)
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
60 human-written examples
The wide variety of interlibrary organizations illustrated above makes for a dynamic and flexible infrastructure supporting library cooperation.
Encyclopedias
2. The puzzle illustrated above has 20 tokens with the ones numbered 19 and 20 in reverse order.
News & Media
Very high melting points and oxidatively stable bonds can be produced when the CO―NH groups of the polyamide structures illustrated above are combined with aromatic hydrocarbons.
Encyclopedias
The advice, like the options illustrated above, varies.
Science & Research
While many of the principles underlying the ambiguities illustrated above are reasonably well understood, general interpretive algorithms are still lacking.
Science
Using the approach illustrated above, we determined mass shifts for UStags in 4144 MS/MS spectra that represented 675 proteins.
Science
Then select the Navigate to the "CSS Panel" (illustrated above)and create a new "Style" Click the plus icon.
Wiki
They are sat in a row, as illustrated above.
News & Media
The full circuit schematic of our project is illustrated above.
Academia
A diagram of this communication was illustrated above.
Academia
Watch the anonymous and the ignorant piping up with similar trash to what you illustrated above.
News & Media
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
Ensure the illustration is indeed positioned directly above the text referencing it to avoid confusing the reader. Be precise in referring to figures, diagrams, or images to maintain clarity.
Common error
Avoid using "illustrated above" if the relevant image or diagram is located elsewhere in the document (e.g., on the next page or in an appendix). This can disrupt the reader's flow and understanding. If an image isn't above, be clear in its location: "See Figure 3 on page 12."
Source & Trust
81%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "illustrated above" functions as an adverbial phrase that modifies a clause by specifying the location of a visual aid referenced in the text. According to Ludwig, this construction is grammatically sound and commonly used.
Frequent in
Science
32%
News & Media
25%
Academia
20%
Less common in
Encyclopedias
5%
Wiki
5%
Formal & Business
3%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, "illustrated above" is a common and grammatically correct adverbial phrase used to direct the reader's attention to a visual representation placed earlier in the text. According to Ludwig, this phrase is widely accepted and suitable for various writing contexts. Its frequency is high across diverse domains such as Science, News & Media, and Academia. While primarily neutral in register, it's crucial to ensure the visual aid's actual position corresponds to the phrase to maintain clarity. When a slightly more descriptive reference is needed, alternatives such as "as shown above" or "in the figure above" can be used.
More alternative expressions(6)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
as shown above
Replaces 'illustrated' with 'shown', emphasizing a more direct visual reference rather than a depiction.
as depicted above
Substitutes 'illustrated' with 'depicted', suggesting a more detailed or artistic representation.
shown in the figure above
More explicitly references a figure, providing clarity if multiple illustrations are present.
in the diagram above
Specifically refers to a diagram, suitable when the illustration is a schematic representation.
as demonstrated above
Emphasizes that the illustration serves as proof or evidence for a point being made.
as evidenced above
Highlights the illustrative nature of the reference as supporting evidence.
in the image above
Specifically pinpoints the reference as an image.
referenced earlier
Focuses on the temporal aspect of the reference, simply indicating it was mentioned before.
previously mentioned
Highlights that the item was mentioned before, without necessarily referring to an illustration.
described previously
Replaces the visual aspect with a description that occurred earlier in the text.
FAQs
How to use "illustrated above" in a sentence?
Use "illustrated above" to refer to a diagram, chart, or image that is placed directly above the current sentence in a document or text. For instance, "As illustrated above, the sales figures show a significant increase."
What can I say instead of "illustrated above"?
You can use alternatives like "as shown above", "as depicted above", or "in the figure above" depending on the specific context.
Which is correct, "illustrated above" or "illustrated below"?
The correct phrase depends on the placement of the illustration. If the illustration is physically above the text, use "illustrated above". If it's below, use "illustrated below".
What's the difference between "illustrated above" and "mentioned above"?
"Illustrated above" specifically refers to a visual representation (like a graph or image), while "mentioned above" simply indicates that something has been discussed earlier in the text without necessarily having a visual aid.
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Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
81%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested