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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
hence without
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "hence without" is not standard in written English and may cause confusion.
It could be used in contexts where you want to indicate a conclusion or result that occurs in the absence of something. Example: "The project failed to meet its deadline, hence without sufficient time, the quality of work suffered."
Science
News & Media
Academia
Alternative expressions(5)
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
60 human-written examples
They live without any idealism, and hence without any sense of the universal eligibility to be noble.
News & Media
"Plaintiffs shall take nothing by this action, and the defendants may go hence without delay," he concluded.
News & Media
However, when evaluating green OA as a policy option, it asks about the adequacy of repositories "_by themselves_" (emphasis in original), hence, without peer review.
Academia
The judge said the plaintiffs "shall take nothing by this action and the defendants may go hence without day" -- that is, without the setting of a new meeting date.
News & Media
They were, if not revelations, at least brand-new, hence without baggage, and could create a sort of girls'-night-out camaraderie as they went along, and a very sweet if ephemeral tune it was.
News & Media
As a conclusion, we propose a principled stopping rule based solely on the behavior of the training session, hence without distracting examples into a test set.
Science
Without World War I there would have been no Hitler, as he rose to power on trumped up grievances that stemmed from World War I. Hence without World War I, there would have been no World War II.
In 2010, Lafforgue and de la Salle gave examples of noncommutative Lp-spaces without the operator space approximation property (OAP) and, hence, without the completely bounded approximation property (CBAP).
Calibration models with low prediction errors of paracetamol could be obtained if a simple calibration set of unshielded samples (samples measured directly, hence without blister package) was combined with a very small set of samples measured through blister.
In conclusion, the court finds that the plaintiffs have failed to carry the requisite burden of proof and judgment shall be and hereby is entered that plaintiffs shall take nothing by this action and the defendants may go hence without delay.
News & Media
Hence, without loss of generality, we take the k th user for instance.
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
When using "hence without", ensure the sentence clearly establishes a cause-and-effect relationship where the absence of something directly leads to a particular outcome. The phrase works best in formal or scientific writing where precision is valued.
Common error
Avoid using "hence without" in casual conversation or informal writing. The phrase can sound overly formal or stilted in contexts where simpler language is more appropriate. Alternatives like "so without" or "therefore without" may be more suitable.
Source & Trust
81%
Authority and reliability
4.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "hence without" functions as a causal connector, linking a preceding statement to a consequence that arises due to the absence of something. It establishes a direct cause-and-effect relationship where the lack of a particular element or condition results in a specific outcome. As Ludwig AI highlights, it's about indicating a conclusion or result that occurs in the absence of something.
Frequent in
Science
45%
News & Media
25%
Academia
15%
Less common in
Wiki
5%
Formal & Business
5%
Reference
5%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, the phrase "hence without" acts as a causal connector, illustrating a direct cause-and-effect relationship where the absence of something leads to a specific result. Ludwig AI points out that while grammatically acceptable, it may sometimes benefit from more concise alternatives. The phrase is most commonly found in scientific, academic and formal contexts, adding precision and clarity to logical explanations. While the phrase is valid, it is not particularly beautiful, so evaluate alternative phrasings.
More alternative expressions(6)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
therefore lacking
Emphasizes the absence of something as the direct cause of a consequence.
thus missing
Highlights the absence and its immediate impact as a cause-and-effect relationship.
consequently absent
Directly states the absence as a result of a preceding action or event.
as a result, lacking
More explicitly connects the absence to a previous condition.
subsequently devoid of
Indicates a temporal sequence where something is later found to be missing.
in the absence of, therefore
Rephrases to put emphasis on "in the absence of" before establishing the result.
owing to the lack of
Replaces 'hence' with a more formal expression indicating cause, emphasizing the deficiency.
due to the absence of
Highlights that the absence of something directly leads to a particular outcome.
because of the missing
Emphasizes that something is 'missing' and it acts as a cause to something else.
in consequence, without
Replaces 'hence' with a 'in consequence', which indicates a result of a previous cause.
FAQs
How can I use "hence without" in a sentence?
Use "hence without" to show a direct consequence resulting from the absence of something. For example, "The experiment lacked controls, hence without reliable data, the conclusions were questionable."
What are some alternatives to "hence without"?
You can use alternatives like "therefore lacking", "thus missing", or "consequently absent" depending on the desired level of formality and emphasis.
Is it better to use "hence without" or "therefore without"?
"Hence" and "therefore" are largely interchangeable in this context, but "hence" can sound more formal or literary. Choose the one that best fits the tone and style of your writing.
What's the difference between "hence without" and "due to the absence of"?
"Hence without" is more concise and implies a direct consequence. "Due to the absence of" is more explicit about the cause (the absence) but can be wordier. For example, "Due to the absence of funding, the project was cancelled" conveys the same meaning but with a different emphasis and structure.
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Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
81%
Authority and reliability
4.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested