had cooperated

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "had cooperated" is correct and usable in written English.
It is typically used to indicate that cooperation occurred in the past, often in relation to another past event. Example: "The team had cooperated effectively before the project deadline, which contributed to its success."

✓ Grammatically correct

News & Media

Encyclopedias

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

59 human-written examples

He said the members had cooperated fully.

The New York Times

Ms. Fermanova had cooperated with the government, Judge Amon said.

The New York Times

Federal officials said that Tyson had cooperated in their investigation.

The New York Times

Officemate also said it had cooperated with Customs investigators.

The New York Times

He said school officials had cooperated fully with the investigation.

The New York Times

The company had cooperated with the investigation, Mr. Green said.

The New York Times

He added that Sbarro had cooperated fully with the town.

The New York Times

The sun and soil and rains had cooperated so far.

The Guardian - Books

QinetiQ said it had cooperated "fully and frankly" with the review.

Independent

Ortho-McNeil-Janssen said it had cooperated with the government since its inquiry began in 2003.

The New York Times

It was not clear to what extent he had cooperated, Ms. Jonsdottir said.

The New York Times

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

Use "had cooperated" to clearly indicate that the act of cooperation occurred before a specific point in the past. This helps establish a clear timeline of events for your reader.

Common error

Avoid using "cooperate" in the simple present tense when describing past events. Instead of saying "they cooperate", which implies a current or habitual action, use "had cooperated" to accurately reflect the past collaboration.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "had cooperated" functions as a past perfect verb phrase. It indicates that the action of cooperating was completed at some point before another action in the past. Ludwig AI confirms the phrase is grammatically correct and usable.

Expression frequency: Very common

Frequent in

News & Media

75%

Encyclopedias

10%

Formal & Business

5%

Less common in

Wiki

5%

Science

2%

Reference

3%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

The phrase "had cooperated" is a past perfect verb phrase used to indicate that an action of cooperation was completed before a specific point in the past. As Ludwig AI confirms, the phrase is grammatically sound and sees frequent use in contexts such as news reporting, encyclopedia entries, and formal business communications. Its function is primarily to provide background information, establishing a clear timeline. While alternatives like "had collaborated" or "had assisted" exist, "had cooperated" provides a straightforward way to convey past collaborative efforts. A key writing tip is to ensure the tense aligns with the timeline you intend to establish, using "had cooperated" when the cooperation preceded another past event.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

had collaborated

This alternative emphasizes a joint effort and working together towards a common goal.

had worked together

A more general term emphasizing joint labor or activity.

had assisted

This alternative focuses on providing help or support to someone or something.

had aided

Similar to 'assisted', but often implies more active or significant help.

had participated

This indicates involvement or taking part in a joint activity or effort.

had contributed

Focuses on providing something, whether tangible or intangible, to a shared effort.

had coordinated

Highlights the organized and synchronized nature of the joint effort.

had combined efforts

Emphasizes the act of joining forces or resources for a common purpose.

had acted in concert

Implies a harmonious and coordinated action or agreement.

had been in league

Suggests a formal or informal alliance for a specific purpose.

FAQs

How do I use "had cooperated" in a sentence?

Use "had cooperated" to indicate that cooperation occurred before a specific point in the past. For example, "The companies "had cooperated" on several projects before the merger was announced".

What are some alternatives to "had cooperated"?

You can use alternatives like "had collaborated", "had assisted", or "had worked together" depending on the specific context.

Is it correct to say "has cooperated" instead of "had cooperated"?

While "has cooperated" indicates past cooperation with present relevance, "had cooperated" is used when referring to cooperation that concluded before a specific past time or event. The choice depends on the timeline you want to emphasize.

What is the difference between "had cooperated" and "were cooperating"?

"Had cooperated" indicates a completed action before a specific past point, while "were cooperating" suggests an ongoing collaborative effort in the past. The use of one over the other depends on if you want to emphasize the completion of the collaboration, or the collaboration process itself.