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Exhaust concentrations were time-synchronized with sensor array data by ensuring that any change in RPM and MAP corresponds to the appropriate change in measured exhaust concentrations.
HEP emission factors are dependent on pollutant exhaust concentrations, route distance, and train ridership.
Data for PEMS exhaust concentrations, engine activity data from the sensor array, and locomotive activity data were time-aligned.
PME emission factors are dependent on various engine parameters, pollutant exhaust concentrations, route distance, and train ridership.
Time-based emission factors were estimated based on engine mass air flow, air-to-fuel ratio (AFR), and pollutant exhaust concentrations.
The NO x /NO ratio for each notch position of each locomotive for various fuels were estimated from the SEMTECH-measured exhaust concentrations of NO and NO2.
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The exhaust concentration, combined with the flow rate dependence of the current, also provides a measure of efficiency losses due to crossover.
The locomotive engines were instrumented and exhaust concentration and engine activity data were measured continuously over-the-rail (OTR) for the PMEs and in the rail yard (RY) for the HEPs.
Emission measurements with standard Euro 5 calibration showed the well-know effects of ethanol blending to diesel fuel: a strong smoke emissions reduction in all tested conditions, together with a decrease of NOx exhaust concentration.
This paper describes a concept wherein the latent heat of vaporization of H2O is used to control the axial temperature gradient of a fuel processor consisting of an autothermal reformer (ATR) with water gas shift (WGS) and preferential oxidation (PROX) reactors to manage the CO exhaust concentration.
The results of the jet fan-effect study show that a larger fan velocity results in a higher exhaust concentration in the lower region of the tunnel, which would be harmful to drivers, though it causes higher flow velocity inside the tunnel.
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Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com