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The statistical parameters, i.e., normalized bias (NB), mean squared error (MSE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and squared correlation coefficient (R2), which are described in the following equations, are used for the fitness investigation and error determination of the model.
In the previous research [16, 17], the equation that provides an error determination when computing the impulse response for receivers using a single-element detector was reported and can be estimated as the square root of the total received power variance, var pk), in the k th time interval (width Δt).
In previous research [14, 15], the equation that provides an error determination when computing the impulse response was reported, which can be estimated as the square root of the total received power variance, var(P n, in the n th time interval (width Δt).
Retrospective methods also introduce hindsight bias in judgments about error determination.
Several representative cells were recorded for each condition with the same intensity settings and averaged for standard error determination.
Details of the grading process and segmentation correction procedures were updated in the methods section under the subheading "Error determination, manual correction, and exclusion of scans".
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Table 4 summarizes the performance of the system by determining the overshoot, settling time, rise time, and peak time values of each methods of error determinations.
Although the authors attempted to validate medical error determinations through review by blinded investigators, the data collection itself was not blinded.
For evaluating the ability of the models, root mean square errors, mean absolute errors and determination coefficient statistics were used.
In addition, the designed controller also presents appreciable robustness to model error and determination error.
The experimental error of determination of the glass transition temperatures was ±1 °C.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com