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A fall in the urban-rural construction industry share differential over time is associated with a decline in the urban-rural wage differential (R2 = 0.34), whereas for females, the corresponding association is negative, albeit weak (R2 = 0.05).
For differential mortality rates of the rich and the poor, (m_{t}^{r}(a)) and (m_{t}^{p}(a)), we follow Piketty (2011) in assuming a constant differential over time, corresponding to the US-based estimates by Attanasio and Hoynes (2000).
While misclassification is a concern, no studies have indicated that this misclassification is differential over time [ 32].
Higher socioeconomic status (SES) has been shown to be associated with increased breast cancer incidence in a large number of studies [ 1- 7] although recently there has been some evidence of a narrowing of the SES differential over time [ 3].
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The differential expression signal increased over time, and an array of different host responses could be identified 8 h post-infection.
Although this topic received a flurry of attention in the 1980s, Krueger and Summers (1987) and Krueger and Summers (1988) established the consistency of these differentials over time and across countries, the fundamental question remained unresolved: are these differentials due to individual or employer components?
Any misclassification of lung cancer patients would most likely be non-differential over time and between different levels of comorbidity; because we expect all lung cancer cases to be hospitalized, and it is unlikely that such bias would produce the time-trends in survival or change in the impact of comorbidity that we found.
Our research has shown one feature which, to our knowledge, has not been reported before: the importance of changes in the population composition for the development of socioeconomic mortality differentials over time.
Although the data did not allow us to check for a potential linkage bias by education, 8 we assumed that our results are not affected for several reasons: first, our main interest is the development in mortality differentials over time.
Among non-South Asians, all-cancer mortality rates fell from 123 deaths per 100 000 in 1993 95 to 105 in 1999 2003, but there was little change among South Asians (52 per 100 000), producing a decrease in ethnic differentials over time (Supplementary web table).
NARTIQ had no significant differential effect on IADL compared with PSMS (p =.27) or on differential change over time (p =.11).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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