Exact(8)
This causes different dominance of lifecycle modules and challenges traditional thinking of the order of their importance (Hafner et al. 2012).
The answer is observer design, which is carried out for two different dominance structures, determining the manifestation of the genetic state.
However, to test the broader implications of our results, simulations carried out with different dominance assumptions (i.e. SL/RH genotypes are also susceptible to scrapie and have different lamb mortality rates than SL/SL genotypes) resulted in similar long-term scrapie persistence patterns, albeit for different ranges of model parameters.
Recognition can occur at many levels, including identifying features such as an individual's species or sex (Gwilliam et al. 2008), 'class' recognition to identify different dominance, familiarity, social group or relatedness classes and 'true' individual recognition (Tibbetts and Dale 2007).
To determine to what extent females actively sought out multiple males, we looked at how often females were responsible for initiating their consortships and how they distributed their initiations over males of different dominance rank or age.
Interestingly, all recessive S-haplotypes except for one appear to belong to class B, suggesting that different dominance is associated with different S-haplotype lineages, as observed in Brassica (Nasrallah et al. 1991) and Arabidopsis (Llaurens et al. 2008; Prigoda et al. 2005).
We did not find that result in the present study and this is probably because we investigated this relationship using a more appropriate longitudinal method, in which groans of the same males were compared when they had different dominance rank values.
Testing this explicitly would be best accomplished by comparing rates of responses to predator-elicited alarms from individuals of different dominance rank [Gouzoules et al., 1996]; the current data set does not allow for such an analysis, as there were too few predator-elicited alarms from dominant individuals available to use in playbacks.
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