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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
diagram below
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "diagram below" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used to refer to a diagram that is located beneath the current text or section in a document. Example: "As illustrated in the diagram below, the process involves several key steps that must be followed."
✓ Grammatically correct
Academia
News & Media
Alternative expressions(2)
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
55 human-written examples
In the diagram below, medical and pharmaceutical expenses are payments made on employees' claims for medical treatment and prescription drugs.
News & Media
The diagram below illustrates this.
News & Media
The diagram below is what's known as an 'ensemble mean' from the ECMWF model for the middle of next week.
News & Media
The diagram below clearly and effectively illustrates the dilemma and uncertainty the average investor inflicts upon themselves.
News & Media
In the simple diagram below we examine the total effect of exposure on outcome.
Academia
This is illustrated in the diagram below.
Academia
The diagram below illustrates the architecture.
Additional details are fleshed out in the diagram below.
News & Media
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
3 human-written examples
2) The diagram below shows the overall floor plan for a house.
News & Media
The diagram below shows the typical floor plan.
News & Media
For a simple geometric explanation of E and B modes, see the diagram below.
Academia
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
When using "diagram below", ensure the diagram is placed immediately after the reference to avoid confusion. Clearly label the diagram with a descriptive title to provide context for the reader.
Common error
Avoid placing the "diagram below" too far from its reference, as this can disrupt the reader's flow and make it difficult to connect the text with the visual aid. Always ensure the diagram is easily visible and directly related to the surrounding text.
Source & Trust
82%
Authority and reliability
4.3/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "diagram below" functions as a deictic expression, specifically an anaphoric reference, directing the reader's attention to a visual representation located subsequently in the text. As Ludwig AI confirms, it is a usable English phrase.
Frequent in
News & Media
37%
Academia
33%
Wiki
13%
Less common in
Science
7%
Formal & Business
7%
Reference
3%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
The phrase "diagram below" is a common and grammatically sound method for referring to an image that appears subsequently in a text. Ludwig AI confirms its usability in written English. The phrase functions as a deictic expression, guiding the reader to a visual representation designed to clarify or supplement the written content. Predominantly found in academic and news contexts, as observed in the Ludwig examples, it maintains a neutral register suitable for various communication styles. To ensure clarity, it's best practice to place the referenced diagram immediately following the phrase. Alternatives include "see the figure below" or "refer to the illustration below".
More alternative expressions(10)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
see the figure below
Replaces 'diagram' with 'figure', a synonym in this context, maintaining the same spatial reference.
refer to the illustration below
Substitutes 'diagram' with 'illustration', another term for a visual depiction, keeping the positional reference.
as shown in the diagram below
Adds a introductory phrase to emphasize that diagram will visually explain some content.
the following diagram illustrates
Changes the sentence structure to present the diagram as actively demonstrating something.
the diagram underneath
Uses 'underneath' as a synonym for 'below' to indicate the diagram's position.
in the diagram presented below
Adds 'presented' to highlight that the diagram is being offered for consideration.
the diagram in the succeeding section
Shifts the reference to a 'section' instead of a direct spatial location.
consult the diagram below
Changes the verb to 'consult' which implies a more active engagement with the diagram.
the depicted diagram follows
Emphasizes that diagram follows in sequence and contains some kind of depiction.
see graphical representation beneath
Use of the words 'graphical representation' to refer to diagram, with 'beneath' instead of 'below'.
FAQs
How should I format the phrase "diagram below" in academic writing?
In academic writing, "diagram below" should be integrated smoothly into the sentence. For example, "As illustrated in the "diagram below", the process involves several key steps."
What are some alternatives to "diagram below" that I can use in my writing?
Alternatives include "see the figure below", "refer to the illustration below", or "the following diagram illustrates".
Is it acceptable to use "diagram below" in formal business communication?
Yes, "diagram below" is acceptable in formal business communication as long as it's clear and directly relevant to the content. Ensure the diagram adds value and isn't just decorative.
What's the difference between saying "diagram below" and "following diagram"?
"Diagram below" indicates the visual is physically located beneath the text. "Following diagram" (the following diagram illustrates) suggests the diagram appears immediately after the current statement, regardless of its exact position on the page.
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Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
82%
Authority and reliability
4.3/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested