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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
deficiencies
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "deficiencies" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used to refer to shortcomings, inadequacies, or lack of something necessary in various contexts, such as health, skills, or resources. Example: "The report highlighted several deficiencies in the current training program that need to be addressed."
✓ Grammatically correct
News & Media
Formal & Business
Science
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
60 human-written examples
The prime minister will not get a substantive renegotiation of the UK's terms of membership before 2017, so the referendum question will not be about his supposed diplomatic triumph but rather: "Do you want to stay in the present EU, with all its deficiencies and problems?" The referendum will cause grave financial and economic instability and make the UK a laughing stock across the globe.
News & Media
To prevent further labour action and disruption for all students across university campuses in Canada, university administrators will have to address these serious structural deficiencies that have decayed the quality of education and research at public universities in Canada and across North America.
News & Media
A 2013 paper by Professor Mark Regenus implying deficiencies in same-sex parents was championed by conservative organisations worldwide, despite being academically savaged.
News & Media
The official summary report made public as a letter in April used much milder language to express concerns about HSBC's processes, stating "in certain instances the monitor believes that HSBC Group's progress has been too slow", adding that in some areas the bank's "historical cultural deficiencies continue to pervade its operations today".
News & Media
Vitamin B12, which is found in meat, fish, cheese and eggs, helps maintain brain function in old age, and deficiencies in B12 and folate (which you get by eating your greens) have been linked with depression.
News & Media
HSBC's procedures to prevent money laundering, sanction-breaking and criminal activity still have deficiencies so serious that to publicly disclose them would risk serious crime, the US Department of Justice has said.
News & Media
Read more stories like this: Nutrient deficiencies: shining a light on hidden hunger How to... get female voices into farming research Gender equality: empowered women raise healthier children Advertisement feature: Nigeria's agricultural revolution Join our community of development professionals and humanitarians.
News & Media
Their aggression, tempo and precision served to highlight Liverpool's deficiencies.
News & Media
Related: Nutrient deficiencies: shining a light on hidden hunger Nepal is one of only four countries in the Asia Pacific region to accept the Zero Hunger Challenge so far (the others are Timor-Leste, Burma and Vietnam).
News & Media
He saw past their obvious deficiencies – their lack of singing ability, their trouble with basic motor skills, the way they couldn't use sentences that didn't repeatedly contain the word "guys" or end in a hamfisted high-five – and realised that children would love them.
News & Media
The vets reported "severe deficiencies" in factories which pluck, kill, cut and pack 700m chickens a year and said Britain was breaking commission rules because vets were not in permanent attendance and sometimes lacked the right qualifications.
News & Media
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
When discussing "deficiencies", be specific about what is lacking and the impact of those shortcomings. Providing context and examples strengthens your argument.
Common error
Avoid using "deficiencies" as a vague term. Instead of saying 'There are deficiencies in the system', specify which parts of the system are inadequate and why.
Source & Trust
91%
Authority and reliability
4.6/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The word "deficiencies" functions primarily as a noun, referring to a lack or shortage of something. Ludwig AI indicates its grammatical correctness and usability in English, confirming its role in identifying shortcomings or inadequacies.
Frequent in
News & Media
62%
Formal & Business
20%
Science
18%
Less common in
Academia
0%
Encyclopedias
0%
Wiki
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, the term "deficiencies" is a grammatically sound and frequently used noun to denote shortcomings or inadequacies across various domains. Ludwig AI confirms its correctness and usability, supported by numerous examples from reliable sources. While alternatives like "shortcomings" and "inadequacies" exist, "deficiencies" maintains a neutral to formal tone, making it suitable for professional, news, and academic contexts. When using "deficiencies", specificity is key to effective communication, avoiding vague generalizations and providing clear context for the identified shortcomings.
More alternative expressions(10)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
shortcomings
Highlights the imperfections or faults within something.
inadequacies
Emphasizes the insufficiency or unsuitability for a particular purpose.
weaknesses
Focuses on the points where something is vulnerable or less effective.
flaws
Refers to significant imperfections or defects.
imperfections
Indicates a lack of flawlessness or completeness.
lacunae
Emphasizes gaps or missing parts.
gaps
Highlights missing elements or areas of incompletion.
faults
Focuses on specific errors or defects.
defects
Refers to inherent or built-in flaws.
limitations
Emphasizes constraints or boundaries.
FAQs
How to use "deficiencies" in a sentence?
You can use "deficiencies" to point out inadequacies or shortcomings. For example: "The report highlighted several "deficiencies" in the current training program that need to be addressed."
What can I say instead of "deficiencies"?
You can use alternatives like "shortcomings", "inadequacies", or "weaknesses" depending on the context.
Which is correct, "deficiencies" or "deficience"?
"Deficiencies" is the plural form of "deficiency" and is used to refer to multiple shortcomings or lacks. "Deficience" is not a standard English word.
What's the difference between "deficiencies" and "flaws"?
"Deficiencies" generally refer to a lack of something essential or necessary, while "flaws" refer to imperfections or defects. Deficiencies might cause something to be incomplete, while flaws directly impair functionality or quality.
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Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
91%
Authority and reliability
4.6/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested