data in which

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "data in which" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used when referring to specific information or details contained within a dataset or context. Example: "The study analyzed the data in which participants reported their daily activities and mood variations."

✓ Grammatically correct

Science

News & Media

Academia

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

60 human-written examples

This is the only period encompassed by the attached data in which the market was clearly trending.

Forbes

The sale of prescription data, in which patient identification is omitted, has become a lucrative industry.

The New York Times

This is an association for aggregate data in which the unit of observation is country.

Britannica

However, that study was based on only 1 year of data in which the crops experienced drought.

Nature

The identification was carried out using routine operating data in which the outputs were measured irregularly.

Journal of Process Control

The change also made 2007 only the sixth year in the last 70, according to Mr. Coen's data, in which ad spending declined from the previous year.

The New York Times

Yesterday's unemployment report culminated a week of negative economic data in which the nation's gross domestic product, consumer spending and manufacturing orders all shrank.

The New York Times

To guard against bias -- seeing pictures in the clouds -- the portion of data in which theorists hoped to find gluinos was kept hidden until the very end.

The New York Times - Science

"There are now several months of data in which we have seen improvement," said Maureen Maitland, vice president for index services at Standard & Poor's.

The New York Times

It is an era of open data in which government departments put their information online in usable, searchable formats.

The New York Times

The method was tested with the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data in which a quasi-balance condition exists.

Journal of Computational Physics

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

When using "data in which", ensure the clause that follows clearly specifies the relationship or condition you're describing. This improves clarity and avoids ambiguity.

Common error

Avoid using "data in which" if the relationship being described is unclear or too general. Instead, use more specific phrasing that directly indicates the connection you intend to convey.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "data in which" functions as a relative clause, introducing additional information or specifying a condition related to the data. This construction allows for a more detailed description of the dataset being discussed. As Ludwig indicates, this construction is correct and usable.

Expression frequency: Very common

Frequent in

Science

41%

News & Media

36%

Academia

15%

Less common in

Encyclopedias

1%

Formal & Business

1%

Social Media

0%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, "data in which" is a grammatically sound and frequently used phrase to introduce a clarifying clause about a dataset. According to Ludwig, it is correct and usable in written English. The phrase is most commonly found in scientific and news-related contexts, indicating a formal or neutral register. For more informal settings, consider alternatives like "data that includes" or "data containing". Remember to ensure that the clause following "data in which" is clear and specific to avoid ambiguity.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

data containing

Focuses on the data's content and the presence of particular information.

data that includes

Emphasizes the inclusion or presence of specific elements within the data.

data with

A simpler construction highlighting a feature or characteristic of the data.

data featuring

Similar to 'containing' but can imply a more prominent or notable presence.

data wherein

A more formal or archaic alternative, suitable for technical or legal contexts.

data presenting

Similar to 'exhibiting', but implies a more direct or noticeable display of information.

data characterized by

Highlights the distinguishing traits or features of the data.

data exhibiting

Emphasizes observed behaviors or properties within the data.

data reflecting

Highlights data that mirrors or indicates a specific condition or trend.

data under circumstances where

A longer, more explicit alternative for specifying conditions.

FAQs

How can I use "data in which" in a sentence?

Use "data in which" to specify a condition or characteristic within a dataset, such as, "The study analyzed the "data in which" participants reported daily activities".

What are some alternatives to "data in which"?

Alternatives include "data that includes", "data containing", or "data with", depending on the specific context.

Is "data in which" formal or informal?

"Data in which" is suitable for both formal and neutral contexts, often found in academic, scientific, and news reporting.

What's the difference between "data in which" and "data that"?

"Data in which" specifically introduces a clause that describes a characteristic or condition within the data, while "data that" can be used more broadly to define or describe the data in various ways.