Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
copied below
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "copied below" is correct and usable in written English.
You can use it when you are referring to something that has already been written down and is being referenced again. For example: "The information you requested is copied below."
✓ Grammatically correct
News & Media
Academia
Science
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
25 human-written examples
And despite Bartz's last words in the interview, copied below, there is nothing exciting or crazy going on at Yahoo.
News & Media
The letter, copied below, starts with "I hope you will take immediate steps to end craigslist from being used to facilitate harmful activities in South Carolina".
News & Media
The new text in the Results and discussion section is copied below: "Phylogenies also suggest that the PB2 and PB1 gene trees exhibit deep divergence, similar to the HA gene where cocirculating viruses contain distinct Victoria and Yamagata genes.
Science
The part relevant to field TA requirements is copied below.
Academia
He wrote the most adorable poem, copied below: Everything is pointless, I am adrift and alone.
News & Media
I've copied below the text of an ISBA announcement for the first workshop in a new series addressing Bayesian methods for machine learning.
Academia
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
35 human-written examples
The news was posted in an announcement on Capptain's site, which we are copying below.
News & Media
We actually received the same memo — which we're copying below — but worried that it was an April Fool's joke and have been holding out for more details.
News & Media
The news was sent out in an email to its merchant partners in the country signed by EMEA VP Luke Massery, which we are copying below, and we have confirmed the details with Groupon directly.
News & Media
In cell A166 is [xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx| and that is copied far down below, as it gets deleted with continued usage.
Wiki
We're keeping an active spreadsheet of as many as we can track down, and have copied it below.
News & Media
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
When using "copied below", ensure that the referenced content is directly and immediately following the phrase to avoid confusing the reader.
Common error
Avoid using "copied below" if the information is not immediately following the phrase. If the content is located elsewhere, specify its location with phrases like "see Appendix A" or "refer to page 15".
Source & Trust
82%
Authority and reliability
4.6/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "copied below" functions as a linking phrase or a discourse marker. It explicitly indicates that the referenced material is presented immediately following the statement. This provides clarity and guides the reader to the subsequent content. Ludwig highlights its correctness and common usage.
Frequent in
News & Media
42%
Academia
27%
Science
16%
Less common in
Wiki
10%
Formal & Business
5%
Reference
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
The phrase "copied below" is a correct and commonly used discourse marker that indicates subsequent material is being directly referenced. According to Ludwig, its neutral register and frequent use in news, academia, and science make it appropriate for a variety of contexts. Remember to ensure the referenced content immediately follows the phrase to avoid reader confusion. For more formal settings, alternatives like "reproduced underneath" or "shown hereinafter" may be suitable.
More alternative expressions(10)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
reproduced underneath
Focuses on the act of reproducing something in a location beneath the original.
shown hereinafter
More formal and legalistic, indicating something will be shown later in the document.
included hereunder
Similar to "shown hereinafter", but with a slightly less formal tone.
displayed subsequently
Emphasizes the sequence in which the information is presented.
presented after this
A more direct and simple way of indicating the order of presentation.
following this text
Highlights the textual context in relation to the provided content.
provided in the following section
Clearly indicates that the content can be found in a specific, later section.
detailed further down
Less formal, suggests a more in-depth explanation is coming.
given after this point
Simple and straightforward, indicating temporal sequence.
found in what follows
A slightly more literary way of introducing subsequent information.
FAQs
How can I use "copied below" in a sentence?
You can use "copied below" to indicate that a piece of text, image, or other content is reproduced immediately after the phrase. For example: "The email is "copied below"."
What's a more formal alternative to "copied below"?
For a more formal tone, consider using phrases like "reproduced underneath", "included hereunder", or "shown hereinafter". These alternatives are suitable for academic or legal contexts.
Is it always necessary to use "copied below" when reproducing content?
No, it's not always necessary. If the context makes it clear that the content is directly following, you can omit the phrase. However, using "copied below" provides explicit clarity, especially in longer documents.
Can "copied below" be used for content other than text?
Yes, "copied below" can refer to images, charts, or any type of content. However, ensure the context makes it clear what is being referenced. It is better to be specific and say "The image is "copied below"" rather than be ambiguous.
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Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
82%
Authority and reliability
4.6/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested