Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
conclude against
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "conclude against" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used in contexts where a decision or judgment is made that is unfavorable to a party or position, often in legal or formal discussions. Example: "The jury was instructed to conclude against the defendant based on the evidence presented."
✓ Grammatically correct
Science
News & Media
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
5 human-written examples
By such means did he conclude, against most predictions, during the Labour deputy leadership contest of 2007, that Harriet Harman would beat Alan Johnson.
News & Media
Given that EPBs do not develop outside of upwellings, regardless of solar activity, we are led to conclude, against mainstream thinking, that the controlling driver for EPB development is upwelling growth, not PSSR.
All indictments shall conclude: "against the peace of this State, the government and dignity of the same".
Wiki
Because viral and cellular FSFs distribute similarly in the timeline (Additional file 4: Figure S2), we conclude against intuition that the viral FSFs are not the subject of increased HGT levels relative to cellular FSFs.
Science
One could argue that a number of 78 % of the trials above the identity line is certainly better than the 48%% used to conclude against the Chapman strategy, but that in a fair number of trials participants apparently still started running before they could have detected optical acceleration.
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
53 human-written examples
It was just Boston's second victory in five games of a six-game homestand that concludes against the Twins today.
News & Media
The Yanks, who held a ten-game lead on July 18th, have been unimperial but entertaining of late and never more so than during the three weekend games just concluded against the Oakland A's.
News & Media
PATRIOTS Seattle Seahawks (13-2) at Green Bay Packers (3-12) 1 p.m. How fitting it would be if Brett Favre's career concluded against his former coach Mike Holmgren, whose Seahawks have home-field advantage throughout the N.F.C. playoffs.
News & Media
MPC members repeated the message that there was no preset timing for the first increase in rates and the timing would be driven by the data, concluding: "Against this backdrop, the committee agreed that no increase was warranted at this meeting, although for some members the decision had become more balanced in the past few months than earlier in the year".
News & Media
Their second fixture is against the Windward Islands on 3 February, while their group stage concludes against Jamaica on 8 February.
News & Media
(For a view that incorporates partial belief but concludes against such conditions, see Holton 2009, Ch. 2).
Science
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
When using "conclude against", ensure the context clearly indicates the basis for the opposing conclusion, such as evidence or reasoning. For instance, "Based on the data, we conclude against the initial hypothesis" is more effective than simply stating "We conclude against it".
Common error
Avoid using "conclude against" without providing specific justification or supporting evidence. Ensure that the basis for your conclusion is clear and well-supported to maintain credibility and avoid ambiguity.
Source & Trust
87%
Authority and reliability
4.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "conclude against" primarily functions as a verb phrase used to indicate a judgment or decision that is unfavorable to a particular party or position. Ludwig AI confirms its correct usage in contexts where a decision is made based on available evidence or reasoning.
Frequent in
Science
60%
News & Media
40%
Formal & Business
0%
Less common in
Wiki
0%
Encyclopedias
0%
Reference
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, the phrase "conclude against" is a grammatically correct and usable phrase, albeit relatively rare in occurrence. Ludwig AI validates this. It's primarily used in formal contexts, such as science and news media, to express a decision or judgment that is unfavorable to a particular position. When using this phrase, ensure clarity by providing the reasoning behind the conclusion. Alternatives include "decide against" and "rule against", but the specific context will influence the most appropriate choice.
More alternative expressions(6)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
decide against
Emphasizes the act of making a choice not to support something.
rule against
Suggests a formal judgment or legal decision in opposition.
find against
Indicates a determination or verdict unfavorable to someone or something.
determine against
Highlights the process of reaching a conclusion that is contrary to a position.
judge against
Implies an assessment or evaluation resulting in a negative outcome.
infer against
Signifies drawing a conclusion that opposes a particular idea or assumption.
resolve against
Focuses on settling a matter in a way that is unfavorable.
opine against
Suggests expressing an opinion that is in disagreement or opposition.
vote against
Specifically refers to rejecting something in a voting context.
argue against
Emphasizes presenting reasons or evidence to counter a claim.
FAQs
How can I use "conclude against" in a sentence?
You can use "conclude against" to express that a decision or judgment is made that is unfavorable to a party or position, such as, "The evidence led the jury to "conclude against" the defendant."
What are some alternatives to saying "conclude against"?
Alternatives include phrases like "decide against", "rule against", or "find against", depending on the context in which you're using the phrase.
Is it more formal to say "conclude against" or "decide against"?
"Conclude against" tends to be more formal, often appearing in legal or academic contexts, while "decide against" is more common in everyday language.
What's the difference between "conclude against" and "argue against"?
"Conclude against" indicates a final judgment or decision, whereas "argue against" suggests presenting reasons or evidence to oppose a particular idea or claim. They are related but have different implications.
Editing plus AI, all in one place.
Stop switching between tools. Your AI writing partner for everything—polishing proposals, crafting emails, finding the right tone.
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
87%
Authority and reliability
4.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested