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Exact Expressions
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What they do is assess how likely a borrower is to be able to repay its debts and help those trading debt contracts in the secondary market.
Its troubles might even have an impact on Malaysia's standing as a sovereign borrower.
Apart from anything else, the IMF's own financial structure means it cannot afford to see a big borrower halt all repayments especially when problems in Brazil and Turkey still loom large.Argentine citizens who have lost their savings or their jobs, or both, already wonder what the IMF and the World Bank are for.
Sooner or later, a municipality or a supposedly blue-chip borrower will turn out to have done some over-optimistic sums, with nasty consequences.In the meantime, the most pressing financial problem in the post-communist world is the backwardness of the banking system.
If the manager was a kindly soul (think of James Stewart in the film "It's a Wonderful Life") and the borrower had a plausible story to tell, the terms could probably be rearranged.But that was before loans were repackaged, securitised and placed in the portfolios of investors everywhere from Atlanta to Zurich.
Lenders tend to be paid a fee of between an eighth and a half of a percentage point of the loan balance, so $500 would eat up the first year's fees on a $100,000 loan.Nevertheless, the creditor has an incentive to get some kind of deal with the borrower.
Instead he sent eight unbalanced budgets in succession up to the Hill, the government spent more money than it raised, the budget deficit soared from $74 billion in 1980 to $220 billion in 1986 and America turned from a creditor into a borrower.
It paints a picture of widespread mortgage fraud: one disabled borrower in his 80s was described on his loan form as being in light construction.Individual missteps are chronicled, too.
The longer the maturity, the less vulnerable the borrower to a sudden decline in confidence.So what might trigger a shift into a vicious cycle, in which a loss of confidence leads to higher spreads, making it more difficult for companies to finance themselves?
If they know they will sell on that loan or bond within weeks, they may not worry whether the borrower will repay in five years' time.
A would-be borrower puts up a little money of her own.
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Real-world application tested
The word "borrower" functions primarily as a noun , designating an entity that receives something (usually money) with the understanding that it will be returned or repaid. This is supported by Ludwig AI, which confirms its correct usage and typical occurrence in financial contexts.
Expression frequency: Very common
