At the same time the ayatollahs still suppress the PKK's currently quiescent sister-movement, known by its Kurdish initials, PJAK, which has a haven in the mountain borderland of north-eastern Iraq.
Molecular melodies still lie somewhere in the uneasy borderland between the arts and science.Commerce, however, is another matter.
The collapse of that friendship left a void.The war began as a clash over an obscure sliver of borderland.
Reprints Related items Pakistan's borderland war: Swatting militantsMay 28th 2009Under Mr Akcura, the UN has only just started to look beyond its established humanitarian programmes in Pakistan to the consequences of the insurgency.
This is a country, after all, that this year risked all-out war with Thailand in a petty spat over a bit of disputed borderland.
See articleThousands of refugees from Côte d'Ivoire poured into Liberia as fighting resumed between rival groups claiming victory in last year's presidential election.Officials said around 70 people had been killed in clashes between the army of South Sudan, which is due to gain independence in July, and fighters loyal to a southern rebel leader in the borderland with Sudan.
But if enlargement has been the EU's most successful foreign-policy tool, the attempt to promote reform in borderland countries with little hope of joining has largely been a failure.
But its ultimate architect sits in the Kremlin: Vladimir Putin.In this section Putin's inferno How to make the world $600 billion poorer A man needs a mandate Plucking the goose The tragedy of the high seas Pounded into submission ReprintsNeither East nor WestThe territory that is now Ukraine has a long and painful history as a bloody borderland between East and West.
(About a quarter of the nearby borderland between Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan remains in dispute.
But last month, after working out its quantum energy states, W.E. Moerner, a chemist at Stanford University, reported that a particular molecule could be coaxed into releasing a single photon at a time, in a much more reliable way than a weak laser.Yet another borderland between physics and chemistry is found in the realm of carbon nanotubes.
The authorities in Beijing have seen the same land as a lawless borderland, a place to be controlled.In October 2012 the trial of a Burmese drug lord, Naw Kham, who was sentenced to death for the killing of 13 Chinese sailors on the Mekong river in northern Thailand, sharpened the sense in China that the Sino-Burmese border remains a breeding ground for criminal gangs and drug traffickers.
