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The decapod abdomen normally bears six pairs of biramous appendages, which are used in swimming in many shrimps and prawns, while in the crabs and crayfish the first two pairs in the male are modified to help in sperm transfer during mating.
The abdomen bears on each but the last segment a pair of ventral, or ventrolateral, biramous limbs called pereopods, or pleopods, which are primarily used in swimming.
The last abdominal segment (of all but the leptostracans) bears a pair of biramous uropods and a median plate, or telson.
There is great diversity among crustacean appendages, but it is thought that all the different types have been derived either from the multibranched (multiramous) limb of the class Cephalocarida or from the double-branched (biramous) limb of the class Remipedia.
The eight pairs of thoracic legs are typically biramous (two-branched).
A biramous limb typically has a basal part, or protopodite, bearing two branches, an inner endopodite and an outer exopodite.
Typically, each of the first five abdominal segments bears, on the ventral (lower) surface, a pair of pedunculate, biramous pleopods.
Swimming is accomplished primitively by coordinated, synchronous beating of the biramous head appendages in early larval stages and thoracic appendages in later larval stages and the adult stages of leptostracan shrimp, mysids, and syncardids and in krill, decapods, and other eucarid malacostracans.
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