Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
between study arms in
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "between study arms in" is not complete but can be correct and usable in written English if placed in the right context.
You can use it when discussing comparisons or differences in outcomes or characteristics between different groups in a study or clinical trial. Example: "The results showed significant differences between study arms in the effectiveness of the treatment."
✓ Grammatically correct
Science
Alternative expressions(2)
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
13 human-written examples
There was no statistically significant difference between study arms in the risk of confirmed influenza A virus infections in household contacts and initial reports of those studies concluded that these interventions could have had at most a small effect on overall transmission11,12.
Science & Research
We compared the incidence of first infection after randomization between study arms in both intent-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol populations.
Science
The difference between study arms in number of self-reported episodes of hypoglycemia was not significant.
Science
Changes in lactate were not statistically different between study arms in the few studies that report this outcome.
Science
For each outcome, we will compare differences between study arms in 6-month changes using intent-to-treat analyses.
Science
We found no significant differences between study arms in the levels or changes in the levels of sICAM-1, MPO, d-dimer, IL-6, or hs-CRP.
Science
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
47 human-written examples
We will compare the total mean scores and T-scores between study arms and in addition we will compare the number of children scoring at 2 standard deviations below the mean of the Dutch reference group.
Science
No significant differences between study arms were observed in the degree of relief of all analysed symptoms.
Science
Modeling differences between study arms is important in order to correct for potential imbalances within studies which could bias the results.
In patients randomized to abacavir-based HIV-treatment transient increases were seen in the plasma levels of E-selectin and sVCAM-1 compared with treatment with tenofovir, but no difference between study arms was found in other biomarkers associated with endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, or coagulation.
Science
It was not possible to reevaluate outcomes based on presenting ulcer size, but based on the similarities between study arms regarding ulcer size in the five studies that mentioned it, such an assessment was not necessary.
Science
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
When using "between study arms in", ensure that you are clearly indicating a comparison of a specific variable or outcome. For example, "There was a significant difference between study arms in the reported side effects."
Common error
Avoid using "between study arms in" without clearly specifying what is being compared. For instance, instead of "There were differences between study arms in the study", specify what differed: "There were differences between study arms in patient adherence to medication."
Source & Trust
82%
Authority and reliability
4.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "between study arms in" primarily functions as a prepositional phrase within scientific and academic writing. It is used to establish a comparative context, highlighting differences or similarities observed among various arms or groups within a study, as shown in Ludwig's examples.
Frequent in
Science
100%
Less common in
News & Media
0%
Formal & Business
0%
Academia
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
The phrase "between study arms in" is a prepositional phrase commonly found in scientific literature, used to specify comparisons among different groups within a study. As Ludwig AI correctly points out, the phrase is grammatically sound and primarily used in formal and scientific contexts. While not as common as other phrases, its usage is clear and effective in academic writing. When using this phrase, ensure that the variable or outcome being compared is explicitly stated to avoid ambiguity.
More alternative expressions(6)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
across study arms
Focuses on the distribution or comparison throughout different arms.
among treatment groups
Highlights a comparison between different treatment allocations.
comparing study groups
Emphasizes the action of comparing distinct groups within a study.
in different trial arms
Specifies the context as different arms of a trial, emphasizing diversity.
between intervention groups
Highlights the comparison of different intervention strategies.
among the study cohorts
Refers to comparisons across predefined groups within the study.
across experimental conditions
Refers to comparing conditions and how they vary between groups.
within the study's various arms
Emphasizes examining differences within different aspects of the study.
comparing control and experimental groups
Directly compares outcomes from experimental and control conditions.
assessing disparities between arms
Focuses on evaluating inequalities and their impact.
FAQs
How can I use "between study arms in" in a sentence?
Use "between study arms in" to compare specific outcomes or characteristics across different groups within a research study. For example, "The primary difference "between study arms" in the study was the dosage level of the medication administered."
What are some alternatives to "between study arms in"?
Alternatives include "across study arms", "among treatment groups", or "comparing study groups". Choose the phrase that best fits the specific context of your comparison. Another way to rephrase the query is: "The main difference was "across study arms"".
Is it always necessary to use "in" after "between study arms"?
While "in" is common, it's not always strictly required. However, including "in" often makes the sentence flow more naturally, especially when followed by a specific aspect being compared. For example, "We observed significant variation "between study arms in" the rate of recovery."
Which is more precise, "between study arms" or "among study arms"?
"Between study arms" is generally used when comparing two specific arms, while "among study arms" is suitable when comparing three or more. "Between" is used when you are focused on two specific things and "among" is for three or more options. You can also say: "There was the different result "among study arms"".
Editing plus AI, all in one place.
Stop switching between tools. Your AI writing partner for everything—polishing proposals, crafting emails, finding the right tone.
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
82%
Authority and reliability
4.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested