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Exact(17)
The extent of heterogeneity between studies was assessed by estimating the proportion of total variation across studies due to variability between studies rather than due to chance, using the Cochran's Q statistic and the I2 statistic [32], [34], [35].
I can be interpreted as the percentage of variability due to heterogeneity between studies rather than to sampling error.
Also, I2 is easily interpreted by clinicians as the percentage of variability in the treatment estimates which is attributable to heterogeneity between studies rather than to sampling error.
24 The latter examines the percentage of total variation across studies that is due to heterogeneity between studies rather than by randomness.
Heterogeneity between studies will be assessed using Higgins 28 and Thompson's I, which measures the percentage variability in result attributable to heterogeneity between studies rather than sampling error.
The I-squared test statistic describes the percentage of the variability in effect estimates that is due to true differences between studies rather than chance.
Similar(43)
Another study detected more differences in gene expression and histone modification profiles between hES and hiPSCs generated by different laboratories, suggesting that obviously methodical differences between separate studies rather than differences between both pluripotent cell types have to be considered (Newman and Cooper 2010).
These methods aim to be interpretative and configurative (i.e., aiming to make new or enhanced meanings by making connections between existing studies) rather than merely adding together or aggregating the qualitative study findings [ 19, 20].
Statistical heterogeneity was calculated using Chi Square and also the I statistic to describe the percentage variability in individual effect estimates that could be due to true differences between the studies rather than a sampling error.
Therefore, the emphasis should be on patterns across studies rather than detailed between-country analyses.
Hence, this may instead indicate that similar constraints imposed by the architecture of the stickleback genome generate similar patterns between our and earlier marine freshwater studies, rather than similar processes (i.e. salinity-mediated selection).
Related(20)
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