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These differences in activity likely reflect the heterogeneity in patient selection and inconsistency in response assessment between trials, rather than the slightly different schedules of these regimens.
Heterogeneity was assessed by using Q statistic and I, 2 22 which is the proportion of total variance observed between the trials attributed to the differences between trials rather than to sampling error.
I is the proportion of total variation observed between the trials attributable to differences between trials rather than to sampling error (chance), and we considered I <25% as representing low heterogeneity and I >75% as representing high heterogeneity.
14 Heterogeneity was assessed by using the Q statistic and I, which is the proportion of total variance observed between the trials attributed to the differences between trials rather than to sampling error.
10 I is the proportion of total variation observed between the trials attributable to differences between trials rather than sampling error (chance) with I <25% considered as low and I >75% as high.
18 Heterogeneity was assessed with the I statistics, 19 which is the proportion of total variance observed between the trials attributed to the differences between trials rather than to sampling error.
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Although participants discussed additional text for item 1 of the checklist (title/abstract), principally adding the word pragmatic to the title or abstract, we decided against making this recommendation because it may reinforce the misconception that there is a dichotomy between pragmatic and explanatory trials rather than a continuum.
The reinforced presentations of w and z were included to ensure the animals did not stop responding altogether on the test trials; as the critical comparison was between responding on same and different trials, rather than with responding to the target alone, this difference in reinforcement experience did not affect interpretation of the results.
The between-trial differences support the decision to conduct two parallel trials rather than multicentre trial, where the data would have been pooled (Bowling, 1997).
The only differences were that the first and second phases of the test session each comprised eight trials (rather than 10 trials), and the interval between the two phases was reduced to 15 minutes (from 20 minutes).
7 8 16 The developers also aimed to distinguish between the actual methods used for carrying out the randomised controlled trials rather than the reporting.
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