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Exact(5)

There were also assumptions that the effect might have been confounded by differences between the trials in terms of their baseline characteristics, patient management and adherence [ 40].

The fact that some data were collected retrospectively, and that comparisons may have been confounded by differences in case mix, are a major limitation of the study.

It could therefore be argued that the imaging abnormalities noted in the patient groups might have been confounded by differences in motor performance, effort or sensory feedback.

Lack of attenuation of insulin-induced weight gain by metformin has been observed in other studies (8), although these analyses may have been confounded by differences in doses of insulin used between those using or not using metformin.

The age-specific prevalence of vertebral fractures is similar in Asians versus Caucasians, though comparisons of vertebral fracture rates across races and regions have been confounded by differences in diagnostic methodology (Table 1).

Similar(55)

As alluded to before, comparing results from different publications may be confounded by differences in the exogenous filtration marker used to measure GFR and by serum creatinine calibration problems.

Although greater severity estimates for patients at the public hospital site could theoretically be due to physician attitudes or unmeasured patient factors, this is confounded by differences in geographic location as well as substantially different clinical workloads of physicians at the two sites.

This task ensured that subjects would be attending to the adaptation sequences of animal pictures, but neural activity to the different deviant conditions would not be confounded by differences in response latency or accuracy since responses were only given to man-made objects (see also Henson et al. 2000).

In critical care observational studies, when clinicians administer different treatments to sicker patients, any treatment comparisons will be confounded by differences in severity of illness between patients.

Conclusions: Interpretation of accelerometer-derived MVPA is confounded by differences in cutpoints applied within a study.

Differences between natural and artificial walls were detected, but these were confounded by differences in size between wall types.

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