Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
based on the former
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "based on the former" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used when referring to something that is derived from or influenced by a previously mentioned item or concept. Example: "The conclusions drawn in this report are based on the former study conducted last year."
✓ Grammatically correct
Science
News & Media
Encyclopedias
Wiki
Alternative expressions(20)
is equivalent to
in the wishes of
rapidly thereafter
for the immediate future
Very soon
somewhere later
one week before
at the early time
in the next weeks
it is important to remember
during the previous years
to avoid disruption
in accordance with direction from
a couple of books before
if not soon
as excellent as
in a flash
as instructed by the directive
as tall as
what I feel is that
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
60 human-written examples
He has increased public lectures and publicity, and planned new exhibitions, including one based on the former Nut Museum in Old Lyme that is scheduled to open in February.
News & Media
Based on the former research, analogy-based design involves a source domain providing prior design knowledge, and a target domain, where the target problem would be solved by the inspiration of analogs, as shown in Figure 1.
Due to the difference in sero-prevalence between the ANC attendees and those from population-based surveys, the calibration of the prevalence curves based on the former is required.
Science
In this sense, SCA differs from Web services, since the latter are only one of the technologies that can be used in applications based on the former.
The latter particles are updated based on the former particles.
Based on the former, a quality assessment for the classifier performance is proposed.
Science
Swift's answer is based on the former – but it hasn't received universal acclaim.
News & Media
"Indonesia is an abstract concept, based on the former Netherlands East Indies.
News & Media
Based on the former Jordan team, it has had the experience of winning.
News & Media
Based on the former we are releasing the age-progression image today with a specific appeal.
News & Media
Under his leadership the country adopted a system of provincial administration based on the former administrative districts.
Encyclopedias
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
When using "based on the former", ensure there's a clear and immediate reference to what "the former" refers to in the preceding text to avoid ambiguity.
Common error
Avoid using "based on the former" when the "former" item is not explicitly and recently mentioned. Ensure the reader can easily identify what you're referring to.
Source & Trust
84%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "based on the former" functions as a prepositional phrase, modifying a noun or clause by indicating the foundation or origin of something. Ludwig's examples showcase its role in establishing a relationship between a current subject and a previous one.
Frequent in
Science
51%
News & Media
31%
Wiki
7%
Less common in
Encyclopedias
2%
Formal & Business
0%
Social Media
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
The phrase "based on the former" is a common and grammatically sound way to express that something is derived from or dependent on a previously mentioned element. Ludwig confirms its usability across diverse fields, predominantly in science and news. When using this phrase, ensure clarity by making sure the reference to "the former" is unambiguous. Alternative phrases like "derived from the former" or "predicated on the former" can provide nuanced variations while maintaining similar meaning.
More alternative expressions(10)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
derived from the former
Replaces "based" with "derived", emphasizing the origin or source.
dependent on the former
Emphasizes the reliance on the previously mentioned item.
predicated on the former
Substitutes "based" with "predicated", suggesting a logical foundation.
informed by the former
Suggests that the former element influenced or shaped the current one.
founded on the former
Uses "founded" instead of "based", highlighting the establishment of something on the prior element.
contingent on the former
Highlights the conditional relationship with the prior element.
stemming from the former
Replaces "based" with "stemming", indicating a consequence or result.
drawing from the former
Indicates the act of extracting or utilizing information from the previous source.
taking cue from the former
Implies imitation or following the example of the previously mentioned element.
originating from the former
Uses "originating" to denote the source or beginning point.
FAQs
How can I use "based on the former" in a sentence?
Use "based on the former" to indicate that something is derived from or relies upon a previously mentioned element. For example, "The second proposal is "based on the former" one, with a few key modifications."
What phrases are similar to "based on the former"?
Similar phrases include "derived from the former", "predicated on the former", and "stemming from the former". The best choice depends on the specific nuance you want to convey.
Is it okay to start a sentence with "based on the former"?
Yes, it is grammatically correct to start a sentence with "based on the former", but ensure the context makes it clear what "the former" refers to. For better readability, consider rephrasing if the reference is distant or unclear.
What's the difference between "based on the former" and "based on the latter"?
"Based on the former" refers to something derived from the first item in a pair, while "based on the latter" refers to something derived from the second item in a pair. Ensure you're using the correct term to maintain clarity.
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Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
84%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested