Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
assumed to have
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
"assumed to have" is correct and usable in written English.
You can use this phrase to describe an action that is thought to have happened or is likely to have happened even if it hasn't been officially proven. For example: "The researchers assumed that the drug had been manufactured in an unsanitary environment."
✓ Grammatically correct
Science
News & Media
Academia
Alternative expressions(20)
deemed to have
suspected to have
asserted to have
demonstrated to have
assumed to reflect
recommended to have
assumed to exist
presumed to have
considered to have
presumed to be
judged to have
assessed as having
excluded to have
designated to have
determined to have
thought to have
understood to have
believed to have
understood to include
purported to have
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
60 human-written examples
Neutrinos were assumed to have no mass.
Its members must be assumed to have had common knowledge.
Academia
Most are assumed to have gone to Uganda.
News & Media
All were assumed to have malaria and scabies.
News & Media
All but two are assumed to have been killed.
News & Media
But food is widely assumed to have a sexual dimension.
News & Media
Private Fink is also assumed to have been killed.
News & Media
He was assumed to have died or moved away.
News & Media
The four are widely assumed to have been murdered.
News & Media
However, considerably more eruptions are assumed to have occurred12.
Science & Research
The micro-channel is assumed to have porous structure.
Science
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
Be mindful of the context. In formal writing, it may be necessary to provide a brief explanation of why the assumption is being made to avoid ambiguity.
Common error
Avoid presenting information "assumed to have" occurred as definitively true. Qualify the statement with phrases like "it is believed that" or "evidence suggests" to maintain accuracy and transparency.
Source & Trust
84%
Authority and reliability
4.6/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "assumed to have" functions as a verb phrase indicating supposition or belief about a past or present state. As Ludwig AI confirms, it's used to describe something believed to be true based on available evidence, even without concrete proof. Examples from Ludwig illustrate its use in various contexts, from scientific research to news reports.
Frequent in
Science
36%
News & Media
31%
Academia
23%
Less common in
Encyclopedias
3%
Wiki
2%
Formal & Business
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
The phrase "assumed to have" is a versatile expression used to indicate a belief or supposition about a state or event. Ludwig AI confirms its grammatical correctness and widespread applicability. As evidenced by the numerous examples, it appears frequently in scientific, news, and academic contexts. While generally appropriate, it's crucial to ensure assumptions are based on evidence and clearly presented, especially in formal writing. Related phrases, such as "presumed to possess" or "believed to hold", offer nuanced alternatives for conveying similar meanings. Therefore, use "assumed to have" when you need to express a belief based on inference, but remember to provide context and avoid overstating assumptions as definitive facts.
More alternative expressions(6)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
presumed to possess
Replaces "assumed" with "presumed" and "have" with "possess", altering the vocabulary while maintaining the core meaning of possessing something based on presumption.
believed to hold
Substitutes "assumed" with "believed" and "have" with "hold", conveying the idea of possessing a certain quality or attribute based on belief.
thought to contain
Changes "assumed" to "thought" and "have" to "contain", which implies a belief about the contents or components of something.
considered to harbor
Replaces "assumed" with "considered" and "have" with "harbor", suggesting something is believed to contain or conceal something else.
understood to include
Swaps "assumed" for "understood" and "have" for "include", indicating a shared understanding that something comprises certain elements.
taken for granted to feature
Replaces "assumed" with "taken for granted" and "have" with "feature", implying something is expected or naturally includes specific elements.
estimated to incorporate
Substitutes "assumed" with "estimated" and "have" with "incorporate", suggesting that something is believed to include or integrate certain components based on estimation.
speculated to embody
Changes "assumed" to "speculated" and "have" to "embody", suggesting a belief about something representing certain qualities or characteristics based on speculation.
conjectured to encompass
Replaces "assumed" with "conjectured" and "have" with "encompass", implying that something is believed to include or cover certain aspects based on conjecture.
deduced to entail
Substitutes "assumed" with "deduced" and "have" with "entail", suggesting that something necessarily involves or includes certain elements based on deduction.
FAQs
What does "assumed to have" mean?
"Assumed to have" means something is believed or supposed to be true, often based on available evidence or logical inference, but without definitive proof.
How can I use "assumed to have" in a sentence?
You can use "assumed to have" to indicate a belief about a past or present state. For example, "The missing hikers are "presumed to be" in the national park".
What are some alternatives to "assumed to have"?
Alternatives include "believed to have", "presumed to have", or "thought to have", depending on the specific nuance you wish to convey.
Is it always appropriate to use "assumed to have" in formal writing?
While "assumed to have" is grammatically correct, it's crucial to provide context or reasoning behind the assumption, especially in formal writing, to ensure clarity and avoid ambiguity. Be cautious if the assumption is based on speculation alone.
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Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
84%
Authority and reliability
4.6/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested