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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
as computed by
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "as computed by" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used when referring to a calculation or result that has been determined by a specific method or source. Example: "The final score of the game was 3-2, as computed by the official statistics team."
✓ Grammatically correct
Science
News & Media
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
60 human-written examples
c, Sequence motif of target serine sequences of SdeA as computed by Seq2Logo.
Science & Research
Internal consistency as computed by a Cronbach's alpha was 0.8.
Science
As computed by the Congressional Budget Office, the president's budget calls for a deficit of $338 billion; the House committee, $324 billion; and the Senate committee, $330 billion.
News & Media
RANK The city's schools were ranked based on the percentage of students meeting city and state standards as computed by The New York Times.
News & Media
The real interest rate, as computed by the Cleveland Fed, sat above -1%.
News & Media
The algorithm employs back-level edges as computed by the breadth first search.
(a) The pore-lining surface as computed by the programme HOLE is drawn into a ribbon model of the SaTRIC structure (type 2a).
Science & Research
Figure 6: Force displacement curves of a single tetrapod under compression or tension and fixed or sliding boundary conditions as computed by FEM simulations.
Science & Research
RANK The city's middle schools were ranked from 1 (highest) to 249 (lowest) based ont he percentage of students meeting city and state standards as computed by The New York Times.
News & Media
In all, the state gets back $15 billion less than it sends to Washington each year, as computed by Jay H. Walder and Herman B. Leonard of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.
News & Media
We computed COG abundance across the 1,087 metagenomes introduced above by summing the abundance of individual UniRef gene families (as computed by HUMAnN2) according to UniProt-derived COG annotations47.
Science & Research
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
When using "as computed by", ensure the source or method of computation is clearly identified to maintain transparency and credibility.
Common error
Avoid using "as computed by" without specifying who or what performed the computation. This can lead to ambiguity and undermine the validity of your statement.
Source & Trust
86%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "as computed by" functions as a prepositional phrase that introduces information about how a particular value or result was obtained. It serves to attribute the computation to a specific source or method, enhancing the credibility of the information, as seen in Ludwig's examples.
Frequent in
Science
56%
News & Media
35%
Academia
9%
Less common in
Formal & Business
0%
Encyclopedias
0%
Wiki
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, the phrase "as computed by" is a grammatically sound and frequently employed prepositional phrase used to attribute a calculation or result to a specific source. As Ludwig confirms, it's particularly common in scientific and news contexts, highlighting the importance of clarity and attribution in these fields. When using this phrase, it is crucial to specify the source of the computation to avoid ambiguity and enhance credibility. Consider alternatives like "calculated by" or "determined by" for stylistic variation, as well.
More alternative expressions(6)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
calculated by
Focuses specifically on mathematical calculation.
determined by
Emphasizes the act of finding something out definitively.
assessed by
Highlights the evaluation aspect of the determination.
according to
Indicates that information or a result is based on a particular source or authority.
based on calculations from
Expands on the source and method used to arrive at a result.
as per the calculations of
More formal and emphasizes adherence to a specific calculation method.
derived from
Highlights that the result originated from something.
estimated by
Highlights approximations rather than exact calculations.
evaluated using
Focuses on the evaluation process and tools applied.
figured out by
Informal and emphasizes the problem-solving aspect.
FAQs
What does "as computed by" mean?
The phrase "as computed by" indicates that a value or result was determined through calculation by a specific entity, method, or tool. It's used to attribute the computation to its source.
How can I use "as computed by" in a sentence?
You can use "as computed by" to specify the source of a calculation. For example: "The inflation rate, as computed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, increased by 2%."
What can I say instead of "as computed by"?
Alternatives include "calculated by", "determined by", or "according to", depending on the context.
Is it necessary to always specify the source when using "as computed by"?
Yes, specifying the source is crucial for transparency and credibility. Omitting the source can make your statement vague and less convincing.
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Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
86%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested