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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak quote

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak

CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com

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are as below

Grammar usage guide and real-world examples

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase 'are as below' is correct and usable in written English.
You can use it when you are listing items, such as in a list or table. For example: "The available options are as below: Option A, Option B, Option C."

✓ Grammatically correct

Science

News & Media

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

22 human-written examples

ICP-MS operating conditions are as below: rf power 1600 W; plasma Ar Flow rate, 15 mL/min, nebulizer Ar flow rate, 0.98 mL/min and dwell time, 45 ms. Red blood cells were purified from citrate-stabilized human whole blood (pooled, mixed gender) by multiple cycles of centrifugation and dilution in PBS (5000 rpm, 5 min).

Science

ACS Nano

The steps of the SAA are as below: Step (1) Generate R independent samples each of size N.

Examples are as below: Positive chunk: Open image in new window zhangsheng guli guli "applause" Negative chunk: Open image in new window walile "what the hell"  .

The DAMs are arranged on the frame such that the positions of the wire end points on the frame are as below: begin{aligned} left.

The main corrections that are applied on corpus texts are as below: All affixes that attached to the host word or separated by an intervening space are replaced with affixes separated with final form character (zero-width non-joiner character).

The results of these investigations are as below; To investigate the water volume which is needed for water injectivity and hydraulic fracturing experiments and how this methodology would enhance the oil production, the oil production curves for each well, and the water volume which is required to be supplied from external resources are schematically depicted in Figs. 9 and 10.

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Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources

Similar Expressions

38 human-written examples

The repertoire is as below, but you're also free to suggest your own favourites.

News & Media

Vice

The formula is as below: (odor response-spontaneous response - solvent response - solventus response).

Science

eLife

Its network model is as below in Fig. 4.

Therefore, the procedure of DES is as below.

Results of the immunohistochemical examinations were as below: EMA, CAM5.2, and AE1/AE3 were positive.

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Expert writing Tips

Best practice

Use "are as below" to clearly introduce a list, table, or detailed explanation that immediately follows. This provides a direct signal to the reader about the structure of the upcoming information.

Common error

Avoid using redundant phrases like "as listed as below" or "are shown as below", as "are as below" already implies that the information will be presented subsequently. Keep your writing concise and direct.

Antonio Rotolo, PhD - Digital Humanist | Computational Linguist | CEO @Ludwig.guru

Antonio Rotolo, PhD

Digital Humanist | Computational Linguist | CEO @Ludwig.guru

Source & Trust

83%

Authority and reliability

4.1/5

Expert rating

Real-world application tested

Linguistic Context

The phrase "are as below" functions as an introductory phrase, typically used to signal that a list, explanation, or set of details will immediately follow. As Ludwig AI confirms, it is correct and usable in written English. It prepares the reader for what is coming next, guiding them to anticipate structured information.

Expression frequency: Common

Frequent in

Science

72%

News & Media

12%

Formal & Business

16%

Less common in

Wiki

0%

Encyclopedias

0%

Reference

0%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, "are as below" is a grammatically sound phrase primarily used to introduce a subsequent list, explanation, or set of details. According to Ludwig AI, it's considered correct in written English. It is frequently found in scientific and technical writing. For alternative phrasing, consider "are listed below" or "are detailed below", depending on the desired level of formality. When using "are as below", ensure that the information referenced is directly and immediately following the phrase for clarity.

FAQs

How can I use "are as below" in a sentence?

The phrase "are as below" is used to introduce a list, table, or a detailed explanation that follows immediately. For example: "The steps to reproduce the experiment are as below: step 1, step 2, step 3."

What phrases are similar to "are as below"?

Similar phrases include "are listed below", "are detailed below", or "are specified below". The choice depends on the specific context and the nuance you want to convey.

Is it appropriate to use "are as below" in formal writing?

Yes, "are as below" is appropriate for formal writing, especially in scientific, technical, and business contexts where it introduces structured information. However, consider alternatives like "are detailed below" for added formality.

Can I use "is as below" instead of "are as below"?

No, "is as below" is grammatically incorrect when referring to multiple items or a list. Use "are as below" when introducing a list or multiple details. "Is as below" can only be used when refering to a singular noun.

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Authority and reliability

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Real-world application tested

Most frequent sentences: