Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
are as below
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase 'are as below' is correct and usable in written English.
You can use it when you are listing items, such as in a list or table. For example: "The available options are as below: Option A, Option B, Option C."
✓ Grammatically correct
Science
News & Media
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
22 human-written examples
ICP-MS operating conditions are as below: rf power 1600 W; plasma Ar Flow rate, 15 mL/min, nebulizer Ar flow rate, 0.98 mL/min and dwell time, 45 ms. Red blood cells were purified from citrate-stabilized human whole blood (pooled, mixed gender) by multiple cycles of centrifugation and dilution in PBS (5000 rpm, 5 min).
Science
The steps of the SAA are as below: Step (1) Generate R independent samples each of size N.
Examples are as below: Positive chunk: Open image in new window zhangsheng guli guli "applause" Negative chunk: Open image in new window walile "what the hell" .
Science
The DAMs are arranged on the frame such that the positions of the wire end points on the frame are as below: begin{aligned} left.
Science
The main corrections that are applied on corpus texts are as below: All affixes that attached to the host word or separated by an intervening space are replaced with affixes separated with final form character (zero-width non-joiner character).
The results of these investigations are as below; To investigate the water volume which is needed for water injectivity and hydraulic fracturing experiments and how this methodology would enhance the oil production, the oil production curves for each well, and the water volume which is required to be supplied from external resources are schematically depicted in Figs. 9 and 10.
Science
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
38 human-written examples
The repertoire is as below, but you're also free to suggest your own favourites.
News & Media
The formula is as below: (odor response-spontaneous response - solvent response - solventus response).
Science
Its network model is as below in Fig. 4.
Therefore, the procedure of DES is as below.
Results of the immunohistochemical examinations were as below: EMA, CAM5.2, and AE1/AE3 were positive.
Science
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
Use "are as below" to clearly introduce a list, table, or detailed explanation that immediately follows. This provides a direct signal to the reader about the structure of the upcoming information.
Common error
Avoid using redundant phrases like "as listed as below" or "are shown as below", as "are as below" already implies that the information will be presented subsequently. Keep your writing concise and direct.
Source & Trust
83%
Authority and reliability
4.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "are as below" functions as an introductory phrase, typically used to signal that a list, explanation, or set of details will immediately follow. As Ludwig AI confirms, it is correct and usable in written English. It prepares the reader for what is coming next, guiding them to anticipate structured information.
Frequent in
Science
72%
News & Media
12%
Formal & Business
16%
Less common in
Wiki
0%
Encyclopedias
0%
Reference
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, "are as below" is a grammatically sound phrase primarily used to introduce a subsequent list, explanation, or set of details. According to Ludwig AI, it's considered correct in written English. It is frequently found in scientific and technical writing. For alternative phrasing, consider "are listed below" or "are detailed below", depending on the desired level of formality. When using "are as below", ensure that the information referenced is directly and immediately following the phrase for clarity.
More alternative expressions(6)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
are listed below
Focuses on presenting information in a list format.
are detailed below
Emphasizes the thoroughness and completeness of the information provided.
are specified below
Highlights the precision and exactness of the information.
are shown below
Indicates visual representation or demonstration of the information.
are outlined below
Suggests a summary or overview of the information.
are described below
Focuses on providing a narrative or explanation.
are presented below
Highlights the act of showing or displaying information.
can be found below
Indicates the location where the information can be accessed.
follow below
Directs the reader to the subsequent information.
are enumerated below
Implies a systematic and numbered presentation of the information.
FAQs
How can I use "are as below" in a sentence?
The phrase "are as below" is used to introduce a list, table, or a detailed explanation that follows immediately. For example: "The steps to reproduce the experiment are as below: step 1, step 2, step 3."
What phrases are similar to "are as below"?
Similar phrases include "are listed below", "are detailed below", or "are specified below". The choice depends on the specific context and the nuance you want to convey.
Is it appropriate to use "are as below" in formal writing?
Yes, "are as below" is appropriate for formal writing, especially in scientific, technical, and business contexts where it introduces structured information. However, consider alternatives like "are detailed below" for added formality.
Can I use "is as below" instead of "are as below"?
No, "is as below" is grammatically incorrect when referring to multiple items or a list. Use "are as below" when introducing a list or multiple details. "Is as below" can only be used when refering to a singular noun.
Editing plus AI, all in one place.
Stop switching between tools. Your AI writing partner for everything—polishing proposals, crafting emails, finding the right tone.
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
83%
Authority and reliability
4.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested