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Rodolfo Llinás, the neuroscientist, uses the term "fixed action pattern" (FAP) for such procedural memories.
Hence, the fixed action pattern was described as a "consummatory act," conflating the senses of consummate and consume.
In The Study of Instinct, (1951) Nikolaas Tinbergen envisaged a hierarchically organized mechanism incorporating successive patterns of appetitive behaviour that end in the performance of a fixed action pattern.
For example, Tinbergen rejected the idea that there is a distinct kind of energy for each fixed action pattern; he sought a more integrated conception of the control of behaviour.
Ethologists termed pecking behaviour a "fixed action pattern" to indicate that it was performed automatically and correctly the first time it was elicited, apparently regardless of the animal's experience.
For example, many supposedly instinctive action sequences turned out to be terminated by the situation, whether it was finding a hiding place, sitting on eggs, or adjusting body temperature, rather than by the expenditure of energy in the performance of a stereotyped fixed action pattern.
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Is the concept of fixed action patterns any more illuminating than that of procedural memories in relation to the enormously complex, creative performances of a professional musician?
The patterns of activation in premotor areas and language areas suggest that musicians and rappers can link together many rehearsed action patterns to communicate in creative ways through their art.
What is the relationship of action patterns and procedural memories, which are associated with relatively primitive portions of the nervous system, to consciousness and sensibility, which depend on the cerebral cortex?
He variously referred to this type of behaviour as "instinctive activity" (Instinkthandlung), "endogenous movements," and "fixed action patterns" but maintained that it and it alone possessed all the attributes of instinct.
First, we examine patch leaving, a prototype of environmentally based switching between action patterns.
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