a protocol in which

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "a protocol in which" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used when describing a specific type of protocol that involves certain actions or conditions. Example: "The study outlines a protocol in which participants will undergo a series of tests to measure their cognitive abilities."

✓ Grammatically correct

Science

News & Media

Academia

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

50 human-written examples

"We were notified immediately and that sets off, for us, a protocol in which we immediately identify our resources".

The New York Times

A protocol in which the condition is close to the in vivo pH environment was established for in vitro evaluation of biodegradable porous scaffolds.

Biomaterials

Mice were subjected to a protocol in which they were evaluated for baseline ethanol intake and then exposed to intermittent ethanol or air exposure in inhalation chambers.

Brain Research

These particular studies however, used a protocol in which animals are forced to consume alcohol by including ethanol in a liquid diet as the sole source of nutrient, making their motivation to drink ethanol in relation to emotional deficits questionable.

Nature

Suarez-Ruiz and Pham solve this with a protocol in which the robot places the parallel grippers near the dowel, while "feeling" that it is in contact with the table.

MIT Technology Review

Such systems were subsequently limited by the Treaty on Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems of 1972, under a protocol in which each side was allowed one ABM location with 100 interceptor missiles each.

Encyclopedia Britannica

Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources

Similar Expressions

10 human-written examples

At the MPA meeting, Sir Ian said there was a "protocol" in place which related to the way the police were supposed to be kept informed.

The Guardian

Plasma DNA (10 to 50 ng) was used for library preparation according to a modified protocol, in which a 17-cycle PCR was conducted to enrich adapter-ligated DNA fragments.

Genome Medicine

The UK and EU agreed in December, and again in March, that the withdrawal agreement would contain an Irish protocol in which a backstop solution for avoiding a hard border under any circumstances would be spelled out.

The Guardian

In August 1939, Berlin and Moscow signed a non-aggression pact, including a secret protocol in which they divided the lands between Germany and the USSR into spheres of influence.

The Guardian - Opinion

Nominally, the pact was a non-aggression treaty, but it included a secret protocol in which the independent countries of Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Romania were divided into spheres of interest, with Finland falling to the Soviet sphere of interest.

Wikipedia

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

When describing experimental designs or structured processes, use "a protocol in which" to clearly outline the steps and conditions involved.

Common error

Avoid embedding too many clauses within the "a protocol in which" phrase. Keep the description of the protocol concise and easy to understand.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "a protocol in which" functions as a prepositional phrase introducing a relative clause. It specifies the context or conditions under which a particular protocol, process, or system operates. Ludwig AI confirms this usage through numerous examples.

Expression frequency: Very common

Frequent in

Science

74%

News & Media

12%

Academia

8%

Less common in

Encyclopedias

2%

Wiki

1%

Formal & Business

1%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, "a protocol in which" is a versatile phrase primarily used in formal and scientific writing to describe the specific steps or conditions of a process. Ludwig AI confirms its correctness and common usage. While highly frequent, it is crucial to maintain clarity and avoid overly complex sentence structures. Consider using alternative phrases like "a procedure wherein" or "a method by which" to enhance readability or adjust the level of formality. Remember to keep the description concise and focus on the essential elements of the protocol.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

a procedure wherein

Replaces "protocol" with "procedure" and "in which" with "wherein", maintaining a formal tone.

a system where

Substitutes "protocol" with "system" and "in which" with "where", indicating a structured set of actions.

a method by which

Changes "protocol" to "method" and "in which" to "by which", focusing on the means to achieve something.

an approach that involves

Rephrases as "an approach" specifying that it "involves" certain steps, changing the sentence structure.

a process that includes

Replaces "protocol" with "process" and uses "that includes" to describe the steps within it.

a framework under which

Changes "protocol" to "framework" and "in which" to "under which", suggesting a guiding structure.

a mechanism through which

Replaces "protocol" with "mechanism" and "in which" with "through which", emphasizing the means by which something is achieved.

a strategy that utilizes

Transforms the phrase to "a strategy" and uses "that utilizes" to indicate the use of certain methods.

a guideline where

Substitutes "protocol" with "guideline" and "in which" with "where", indicating a set of instructions or recommendations.

a practice involving

Changes "protocol" to "practice" and simplifies "in which" to "involving", focusing on the actions taken.

FAQs

How can I use "a protocol in which" in a sentence?

Use "a protocol in which" to introduce a specific set of procedures or steps taken to achieve a particular outcome. For example, "The study used "a protocol in which" participants were randomly assigned to different treatment groups".

What are some alternatives to "a protocol in which"?

Alternatives include "a procedure wherein", "a system where", or "a method by which", depending on the context and the level of formality required.

Is "a protocol in which" formal or informal?

"A protocol in which" is generally considered formal and is commonly used in academic, scientific, and professional writing. For more informal contexts, simpler alternatives might be more appropriate.

What's the difference between "a protocol in which" and "a protocol that"?

"A protocol in which" emphasizes the specific steps or conditions within the protocol, whereas "a protocol that" provides a more general description of the protocol's characteristics or purpose. For example, ""a protocol in which" data is collected daily" focuses on the data collection process, while "a protocol that ensures data integrity" focuses on the protocol's function.