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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
a model in which
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "a model in which" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used to describe a specific framework or system that operates under certain conditions or principles. Example: "The researchers developed a model in which various environmental factors were taken into account to predict climate change impacts."
✓ Grammatically correct
Academia
News & Media
Science
Alternative expressions(17)
a system where
a framework where
a scenario in which
a mechanism by which
an environment where
a context where
a situation where
a project in which
a sample in which
a example in which
a methodology in which
a choice in which
a system in which
a demonstration in which
a situation in which
a year in which
a climate in which
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
60 human-written examples
Ministers had been working with a model in which the average tuition fee was £7,500.
News & Media
We develop a model in which a trade-off exists between size and sustainability of networks.
Academia
We develop a model in which a worker's skills determine the worker's current wage and sector.
Academia
Employers will shift toward a model in which they pay employees under defined contribution plans.
Academia
We propose a model in which the equilibrium between these states modulates recombination activity.
Academia
To Suzanne Dubus, the need to create a model in which victims are protected, rather than isolated, seems obvious.
News & Media
We propose a model in which nutrient information from the environment regulates fat metabolism via this neuroendocrine pathway (Fig. 8b).
Science & Research
Our results are consistent with a model in which kinesin detaches briefly from the microtubule during a part of each mechanochemical cycle, rather than a model in which kinesin remains bound at all times.
Academia
Until now we have considered a model in which r has a fixed value during a simulation.
Science & Research
Peeple suggests a model in which everyone is justified in publicly evaluating everyone they encounter, regardless of their exact relationship.
News & Media
Our data support a model in which MMP-1 cuts a transient, stretched conformation of its recognition site.
Academia
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
When using "a model in which", ensure the components and their interactions within the model are clearly defined to avoid ambiguity. Be specific about the relationships and dependencies within the model.
Common error
Avoid overly complex language when describing the model. Use clear and concise terms to ensure your audience understands the core mechanics and assumptions of the "a model in which" you are presenting.
Source & Trust
87%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "a model in which" serves as a connector introducing a detailed explanation of the workings or characteristics of a particular model. As Ludwig AI clarifies, it helps describe systems or frameworks operating under specific conditions.
Frequent in
Academia
37%
Science
34%
News & Media
18%
Less common in
Formal & Business
5%
Wiki
3%
Encyclopedias
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
The phrase "a model in which" is a versatile tool for describing structured systems and frameworks. As highlighted by Ludwig AI, it is grammatically correct and widely employed across various contexts. With a high expert rating, it is particularly common in academic, scientific, and news-related sources. When using this phrase, it's essential to clearly define the relationships and interactions within the model to avoid ambiguity. While the phrase is generally accepted, remember that overly complex descriptions can hinder understanding. Alternatives such as "a framework where" or "a system where" can be considered based on context. Ludwig's analysis emphasizes that clarity and precision are paramount when employing this phrase to ensure effective communication.
More alternative expressions(6)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
a framework where
Replaces "model" with "framework" and "in which" with "where", slightly altering the structure while retaining the meaning.
a system where
Substitutes "model" with "system" and "in which" with "where", providing a more general alternative.
a paradigm in which
Replaces "model" with the more formal "paradigm", suitable for academic or theoretical contexts.
a scenario in which
Emphasizes a hypothetical situation rather than a structured model.
a setup where
Uses "setup" to suggest an arrangement or configuration, making it less formal.
a structure whereby
Replaces "in which" with "whereby", indicating the means by which something is done.
a mechanism by which
Focuses on the process or means by which something occurs.
an environment where
Suggests a setting or context in which something exists or happens.
a context where
Similar to "an environment where", but slightly more abstract.
a situation where
Highlights the circumstances or conditions in which something occurs.
FAQs
How can I use "a model in which" in a sentence?
Use "a model in which" to describe systems or frameworks operating under specific conditions. For example: "The study employs "a model in which" economic factors significantly influence consumer behavior."
What are some alternatives to "a model in which"?
Alternatives include "a framework where", "a system where", or "a scenario in which", depending on the desired nuance.
Is there a difference between "a model in which" and "a model that"?
"A model in which" typically describes a framework where specific conditions or relationships exist, while "a model that" generally describes a model possessing particular attributes or capabilities. The choice depends on whether you're emphasizing the internal dynamics or the characteristics of the model.
When is it appropriate to use "a model in which" over simpler alternatives?
Use "a model in which" when you need to highlight the specific interconnected components and conditions of the system you are describing. This phrase is particularly effective when detailing complex relationships within the model.
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Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
87%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested