The insolation is thus defined by the following equation: I = I 0 ∗ exp − AM ∗ τ (5).
The insolation inequity index (III) was proposed to measure the inequity between various opposite orientations.
The Insolation Incident on a horizontal surface (kWh/m2/day) for Adrar is shown in Table 3 [19].
The insolation for the last biweekly period (weeks 51 to 52) were relatively high when compared to those preceding and following (weeks 1 to 2) this period.
The insolation exceeds 3,500 h/year, and the direct solar radiation may reach 800 W/m2 on the horizontal surface.
The insolation on ground is about 400 to 600 MJ/m2/morth or 4 to 5 kWh/m2/day with average sunshine duration of 4 to 8 h [24].
The insolation for a panel facing just east of south (γ = 345° or −15°) surpasses that for one facing due south (γ = 0°) from morning till noon at which point the trend reverses.
When tall thick clouds are present, a large percentage (up to about 80 percent) of the insolation is reflected back into space.
Shortwave radiation penetrates a volume of water to significant depths (up to several hundred metres) before the insolation is completely attenuated.
Because they operate on different timescales, the parameters affect climate by interacting in a manner that sometimes increases and sometimes decreases the insolation at a particular location.
If the Sun's rays strike the water surface at an oblique angle, albedo may be higher than 0.85; if these rays are more direct, only a small portion, perhaps as low as 0.02, is reflected, while the rest of the insolation is scattered within the water column and absorbed.
