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Examples of hardware limitations include the CMOS sensor on a video graphics array (VGA) camera where the resolution is already fixed or the zoom length of the lens of a digital camera that is fixed.
Effective and important when using long-zoom lengths or shooting in low light when shutter speed is slow.
At these lengths, zoom lenses let in less light, forcing cameras to use slower shutter speeds, which can result in blurred action.
Due to correction requirements over a range of focal lengths, zoom lenses are complex systems containing from 12 to 20 elements.
Fixed lenses of different sizes have different focal lengths; zoom lenses have a variable focal length.
For example, you need more stabilization at long focal lengths (zoomed in) than short ones.
The X90 has a 26x optical zoom lens with focal lengths from 26mm wide angle to 676mm super telephoto (in the 35mm format).
The objective lenses used in cameras may contain from two to 10 elements, while a so-called zoom or variable-focal length lens may have as many as 18 or 20 elements in several groups, the different groups being movable along the axis by levers or cams in order to produce the desired change in focal length without a shift of the focal plane.
4.8 oz, 8 megapixels, 3-in LCD, 4x optical zoom, 28-112mm equivalent focal length, $250.
3.3 oz, 8 megapixels (smaller CCD though), 2.7-in LCD, 3x optical zoom, 36-108mm equivalent focal length, $180.
Analysis is performed to differentiate visible plus mid-infrared light focal length and zoom ratio during zooming, and the change law of this difference.
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