Additionally, the likelihood of hardwood damage increased with increasing distance from the zone of impact.
Our data showed a marked increase in damage to hardwood species, except in the first zone of impact.
The rate at which liquids can be added to a vertical well, the lateral zone of impact of the well, and the liquids volume needed to wet the waste within the zone of impact of the well are the key inputs needed to design a vertical well system.
The key parameters for designing a horizontal source (horizontal trenches, infiltration ponds, infiltration galleries or blankets) for steady state are the rate liquids can be added to the source, the lateral and vertical extents of the zone of impact of the source, and the liquids volume needed to wet the waste within the zone of impact at steady state.
The design charts somewhat underestimates the flow rate achieved and overestimates the lateral extent of the zone of impact over an operating duration for an intermittently operated system.
A series of design charts were created to present dimensionless steady-state flow rate, lateral zone of impact, and the dimensionless liquid volume needed to reach a steady-state condition, as a function of dimensionless input variables.
The flow rate, lateral zone of impact of a well, liquids volume added, and injection pressure were normalized with the waste properties and well dimensions to formulate dimensionless variables.
These design charts can be used by designers to readily estimate achievable flow rate and lateral and vertical extents of the zone of impact from liquid addition devices, and analyze the sensitivity of various input variables (e.g., hydraulic conductivity, anisotropy, well radius, screen length) to the design.
The governing equation (Richard's equation) and the boundary conditions were analyzed to formulate dimensionless variables by normalizing the design parameters (flow rate, injection pressure, the lateral zone of impact, injection pressure, and the added liquids volume) with the waste properties and source dimensions.
As the first zone of impact for non-point source pollution runoff, the potential for the microbial and chemical contamination in tidal creek habitats is great.
