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It was restricted to just the universally acknowledged logical operators of first-order logic: ¬, ∧, ∨, →, ∃ and ∀.
Note that implication is not among the logical symbols of IF first-order logic.
This gives rise to second-order logic.
First-order logic requires the system to be consistent or complete, not both.
There are also studies, such as second-order logic and infinitary logics, that develop the model theory of nonelementary logic.
Independence friendly logic (IF logic, IF first-order logic) is an extension of first-order logic.
In this entry IF first-order logic and extended IF first-order logic have been surveyed.
Therefore IF logic is more expressive than first-order logic.
So going to second-order logic is a genuine extension.
The situation is analogous to that with second-order logic.
Consider ordinary Tarskian semantics for nonmodal first-order logic.
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