Onset detection, zero crossing rate, and heuristic classification.
The detection method uses wavelet energy (WE) and zero crossing rate (ZCR) as detection parameters.
A novel feature set composed of spectral band energies augmented by their vector time derivatives and time-domain averaged zero crossing rate is proposed.
The known information on the excitation involves bounds on total average energy, zero crossing rate and the amount of expected disorder quantified in terms of average entropy rate.
The excitations are taken to satisfy constraints on total average energy, zero crossing rate, lower bounds on entropy rate and other positivity and bounding requirements that are of mathematical nature.
Energy function, zero crossing rate, and harmonic coefficients [14] are used for singer identification.
Features: frame-based 16 MFCCs including zero (energy) coefficient, plus eight perceptual coefficients (e.g., zero-crossing rate, spectral centroid, spectral roll-off, etc).
cK_AUDIO includes the following key-frame features: irregularity (two versions), tristimulus, smoothness, spectral spread, zero-crossing rate, spectral roll-off, loudness, flatness (linear and decibel scale), tonality, noisiness, RMS amplitude, inharmonicity, spectral crest, odd-to-even ratio, spectral slope, FF, skewness, kurtosis, spectral skewness, spectral kurtosis, and 7-band sub-band powers.
It is computed as the combination of blockiness and activity estimation in both horizontal and vertical directions, manifesting in three metrics: blockiness (B), activity (A), and zero-crossing rate (Z).
The zero-crossing rate is defined as the number of times the signal crosses the zero line (x - axis) per unit time.
Furthermore, the fast fluctuation of FD, as measured by the zero-crossing rate of detrended FD (zDFD), is a useful indicator of sleep disturbance, and therefore, correlates with apnea hypopnea index (AHI), and hourly number of blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) decreases greater than 4%, as obstructive apnea/hypopnea disturbs sleep architecture.
