In the Early Miocene P/Al and Si/Al were much higher than subsequently and both %CaCO3 and P/Al exhibited 131 000-yr cycles.
For example, regions (I, II, and III) localized at north in the Atacama desert showed some differences with the national pattern, the region II (the most urbanized and populated of the north) showed a clear 4-yr cycles since 1970 to nowadays.
Although periodicities associated to the 11 yr solar cycle were observed in sample trees from Chile, this relation was not so favorable as in Brazilian trees.
Highest timber yields were obtained with 10 yr cutting cycles and a maximum removal of 20 stems ha−1, though sustainable yields only resulted from lowering the MFD to 30 cm.
While it has been known for decades that other sunlike stars can harbor activity cycles reminiscent of the 11-yr solar cycle, it is only recently that precision photometry suitable for comparing solar brightness variability with its stellar analogs has become available.
It remains unclear, however, if and how mountain catchments, as a primary sediment source, respond to these high frequency (<106 yr) climatic cycles, and whether particulate sediment flux signals can be expected to be recorded in the clastic sedimentary record of adjacent basin-fills.
Harvested wood volume (panel A) and aboveground biomass (panel B) are forecast according to three management scenarios: solid line is the reference scenario (Tref, d s ref ); dashed line is an alternative scenario with a longer felling cycle T=Tref+10 yr; and dotted line is an alternative scenario with higher cutting limit diameters d s =d s ref+10 cm.
A periodicity of ∼80 yrs close to the Gleissberg cycle in the intensity of the 11-yr solar cycles was found in the pressure variations at middle latitudes (45 65°N) in the cold half of the year, which is the period of intensive cyclogenesis.
In order to make the study more reliable, the authors assumed an actual industrial environment, featured by an annual demand of 400,000 pieces and a product lifetime cycle of 10 yr.
The scenarios were compared to the baseline situation in which the felling cycle is 25 yr and the cutting limits are what is established by law (Additional file 3) by examining the carbon benefits in standing biomass and the associated timber losses (i.e. foregone timber harvest).
