For example, NPM1 mutations predict favourable outcome in young CN-AML in the absence of FLT3-ITD (reviewed by Mrózek et al, 2007).
Marcucci et al (2008a) recently showed an miRNA signature that correlated with EFS in young CN-AML patients (<60 years) with high-risk molecular features (defined by the detection of FLT3-ITD and/or an NPM1 wt).
An association of high BAALC expression with WT1mut has recently been described in a cohort of 196 young CN-AML patients by Paschka et al. Here, we were able to corroborate this correlation of BAALC expression levels with the mutational status of WT1.
miR-155 has also been described as a prognostic marker in both older and younger CN-AML patients by the CALGB group.
These findings, of course, must be interpreted in the context of an individual's age and APOE genotype, as younger CN individuals with Aβ pathology may not have passed through the risk period for accelerated cognitive decline and dementia.
Marcucci G et al showed differential prognostic impact of different types of DNMT3A mutations in older vs younger patients: R882 mutations are associated with adverse prognosis in older patients whereas non R882 mutations are associated with adverse prognosis in younger CN-AML [ 47].
72 Morris and colleagues 73 found that the age-dependence of PiB data was largely accounted for by the strong age association with PiB retention among carriers of the APOE4 allele, 34 likely a reflection of the sample enrichment for younger CN subjects with positive family histories.
On average, early MCIs were significantly younger than CNs (t = 2.29, P = 0.02), although still in the same age range.
In univariate analysis, younger age, cN stage, preCRT tumour differentiation, ypT stage, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and tumour regression grade were significant predictors of pathologic LN metastasis.
The presence of CEBPA mutations identifies a group of patients with a better prognosis within the young high-risk CN-AML group (patients with FLT3-ITD and/or wild-type (wt) NPM1) (Marcucci et al, 2008b).
