Almost half the forecasts showed yield reductions of 9-18% by 2050.
As with nutrients, water has to be available for crop uptake in the right amounts at the right time; water stress during growth results in major yield reductions for most crops.
The research found crop yields might rise in some high-latitude regions, but "tropical regions like west Africa, south-east Asia, as well as central and northern South America are projected to face substantial local yield reductions, particularly for wheat and maize".
A chapter in the 2006 book "Global Development of Organic Agriculture," co-written by Mr. Rosegrant, said that compared with "high-yielding crops cultivated with the use of fertilizer and pesticides, most organic crops yield less per hectare due to a combination of lower nutrient supply and yield reductions from weeds, fungi, and insects".
Yield reductions were ascribed to alterations in plant nutrient availability.
Consequently, salt accumulation in the root zone leads to yield reductions (Ezlit et al. 2010).
Infection results in significant yield reductions and a disease referred to as 'black compost'.
This was inefficient due to the rough surface caused by stumps of rice; however, no yield reductions were reported.
Eventually they oxidize chlorophyll and subsequently reduce leaf photosynthesis (Pereira et al. [2013]), thereby leading to yield reductions.
IR64 is considered susceptible to drought stress and yield reductions can be considerable (Anantha et al. 2016).
Further rise of the growth rate resulted in yield reductions, returning to the level at μ = 0.1 h−1 (−10%).
