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Most said yes, indicating that they thought an agent could be morally blameworthy even if his behaviors were entirely determined by natural laws.
On the basis of data records, three outcome variables were created and dichotomized as "yes" (indicating the provision of one or more diagnostic tests, patient education, and preventive services) versus "no".
For example, we combined three variables related to violence (forced sex, physical abuse and witness physical violence in the home) into one variable with yes indicating experience on any of three; similarly we had two variables that referred to the caregiver, 'who currently cares for this teenager' and 'who do you live with'.
Those responding "yes", indicating any lifetime use, were then asked whether treatment had occurred within the previous 12 months, for how long (months) they had received treatment, whether they were currently undergoing treatment, and if so, for how many months they expected to be in treatment.
The manual investigator filled out a paper chart with yes or no; yes indicating a correctly performed ADIM.
Chronic illness was assessed as a dichotomous measure (0 = no; 1 = yes) indicating whether respondents had medical diagnosis of at least one of the following five health problems: hypertension, diabetes, stroke, respiratory disease, and cardiovascular disease.
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One "yes" indicates a low level.
All items were aligned so that the answer "yes" indicated a stronger socially desirable response bias.
For each parameter, "yes" indicated a low risk of bias, "no" indicated a high risk of bias, and "unclear" indicated an unclear or unknown risk of bias.
Each item was assessed by scoring it as "low," "high," "unclear," which are phrased to the answer, such as "yes" indicates low risk of bias.
The children were asked whether they experienced the problem described by each question and, if yes, indicated its importance on a 4-point scale ranging from 0 ("Does not bother me at all") to 4 ("Bothers me very much").
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com