Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 (GYSVd-1), Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 2 (GYSVd-2), Australian grapevine viroid (AGVd), Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) and Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) are the five viroids known to infect naturally grapevines.
The upper shell, which reaches a length of about 12 13 cm (5 inches), is brownish or blackish with yellow speckling and sometimes resembles that of the Pacific pond turtle.
We failed to detect Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 2 and Australian grapevine viroid (data not shown), which are the other viroids known to naturally infect grapevine [47].
In the present study we analyzed the composition and the molecular nature of vd-sRNAs in grapevine infected by Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) and Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 (GYSVd1), two members of the family Pospiviroidae, using the high-throughput Solexa sequencing platform to get a better insight into the biogenesis of vd-sRNAs.
To gain further insights on the genesis and possible role of vd-sRNAs in plant-viroid interaction, sRNAs isolated from Vitis vinifera infected by Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) and Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 (GYSVd1) were sequenced by the high-throughput platform Solexa-Illumina, and the vd-sRNAs were analyzed.
Others are "negatives" of the sky motif, with black and yellow marks speckling off-white grounds.
But for a 300-mile stretch through its Texas midsection -- from, say Glen Rose (about 60 miles southwest of Dallas) in the north to San Antonio in the south -- U.S. 281 makes for a beautiful and intriguing road trip, especially in spring, when its scrubby flora turns a spectrum of bright greens, and red, blue and yellow wildflowers speckle its medians and shoulders.
These yellow and black speckles, from the black base of the kernel, are a giveaway that a plate of grits is stone-ground.
They hauled mud from the nearby lakes to create the iconic yellow brick buildings that speckle Notre Dame's campus in the same way that the immigrants in the rest of the country built our roads and buildings.
Discoloration, such as brown or black speckling, yellowing, and the like.
