A strain accumulation period of 225 to 450 years was estimated from the interseis-mic strain rate and the co-seismic strain magnitude.
Lifetime risk, defined as the proportion of the population who will develop symptomatic hand OA in at least 1 hand by age 85 years, was estimated from models using generalized estimating equations.Overall, the lifetime risk of symptomatic hand OA was 39.8%95%5% confidence interval [95% CI] 34.4-45.3%).
Follow-up time in years was estimated from enrolment to the earliest date of a CVD event, death or censoring whichever came first.
The historical demography of N. gonorrhoeae in Israel over the past 24 years was estimated from the housekeeping gene and porB sequences using a Bayesian MCMC method that allows the inference of past population dynamics from contemporary sequences.
Intellectual ability (IQ) at age 3½ years was estimated from a combined score of the "Object Matrices" (non-verbal intellectual ability), and the "Vocabulary Task" (verbal intellectual ability) from the short version of the Stanford-Binet Scales [ 46].
Average annual age-specific incidence rates of Alzheimer's disease (per 1,000 person-years) were estimated from the reported incidence rates using two different non-parametric regression methods, loess and sm [52] [54].
Pack-years were estimated from baseline smoking history by multiplying the number of years of smoking by the average number of packs of cigarettes smoked.
Linear trends by study year were estimated from a linear regression model for number of participants attending for their first-ever or a second or later screen.
The thermal neutron flux, in neutron per square centimeter per year, was estimated from the whole-rock major and trace element compositions of various sedimentary rocks and granitic rocks collected in this area (Additional file1: Table S1; Morikawa and Tosaki2013).
Instead, the proportion of drivers in a state who would have been affected by a particular law or policy in a given year was estimated from the age distribution of the state's population and the length of the license renewal period.
