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The differences compared to baseline, for each SF-36 domain, were modeled with diabetes, gender, and time (1 year and 5 years) as fixed effect categorical variables, with age and baseline SF-36 measurements as fixed effect continuous covariates and with a random effect for each patient.
The follow-up duration can be increased up to 2 years as fixed retainers are usually left in place for periods longer than 6 months.
Variance components of the RAUDPC scores from 2002 and 2003 were estimated by the restricted maximum likelihood method with years as fixed effects.
The impact of the length of the training of physicians and the injections rank number (1st, 2nd…) on immediate AEs was explored using a mixed model [ 13] with the "doctor" and "course of treatment" as random effects and "the injection rank number" and "length of training" (<1 year, 1 3 years, > 3 years) as fixed effects.
Approach 1a used years as fixed factors in the GP stage and Approach 1b used a manual adjustment after the second stage by simply calculating the mean of the genotypes by year and subtracting it to each genotype adjusted mean of the corresponding year.
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And though it has gone upscale in recent years, a few things remain as fixed as the gears on its bicycles: You'll never have to wander far for a good espresso, and wearing a football jersey on Bedford Avenue will probably never be in style.
We included study site and year as fixed effects in the full model to account for spatial and temporal variation; however, we were not interested in evaluating differences in selection spatially and temporally.
The fruit set and seed set were analysed using MANOVA with pollination treatment, population and year as fixed effects.
For the ANCOVA analysis, we treated bolting group and year as fixed effects and included prebolting rosette size as a covariate.
We included sex, experience (i.e., number of previous successful swims), water temperature, wind chill and calendar year as fixed variables.
Individual body condition was expressed as the residuals from an analysis of covariance with an optimized design, including body mass as dependent variable; forearm length as a covariate; and sex, age, and year as fixed factors.
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