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Respondents identified in the highest decile of GP use in a year were defined as Frequent Attenders (FAs).
To determine the proportion of AIDS patients who were diagnosed with tuberculosis within one year following their AIDS diagnosis, annual cohorts of patients diagnosed with AIDS in a calendar year were defined as denominators with tuberculosis diagnosed within up to one year since AIDS diagnosis among this population as numerators.
Those who had stopped for less than a year were defined as current smokers.
Persistence of clinical or laboratory signs of inflammation at 1 year were defined as treatment failure.
Elders with a disability score of 0 in any year were defined as no disability.
Subjects who smoked at least one cigarette per day for over half a year were defined as current smokers [ 15].
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3The summer half of the year is defined as the months April September for the Northern Hemisphere and October March for the Southern Hemisphere.
The tropical year is defined as the interval between successive passages of the Sun through the vernal equinox (i.e., when it crosses the celestial equator late in March) and amounts to 365.242199 mean solar days.
Finally, the active (non-active) year is defined as a year in which the number of the active days is larger (smaller) than a half of the standard deviation from the 33-year mean.
Any family of four earning $23,550 or less per year is defined as impoverished, according to the Census Bureau.
A diagnostic delay exceeding one year was defined as late diagnosis.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com