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Fig. 2 Zn and Cd xylem loading.
In the latter case, the Cd xylem loading curve started to approach saturation at 0.1 μM.
Fig. 5 Analysis of metal xylem loading as a function of Zn and Cd concentration in the mobile fractions.
However, the molecular mechanism of xylem loading that lies behind the balance between NO3− and Cl− loading remains largely unknown.
As xylem is an apoplasmic space, Fe must be effluxed out of the cell for xylem loading, after passing through the Casparian strip at the endodermis.
In most plants, radial transport of Na+ into the root xylem occurs through a cell-to-cell pathway involving xylem loading transporters (Munns [2002]).
d Fe xylem loading in roots for translocation to shoots and the remobilization of Fe through phloem from leaves for storage to grain sink.
Such xylem loading occurs in root pericycle cells with OsHMA2 (Takahashi et al. 2012b; Yamagi et al. 2013; Yoneyama et al. 2015) (Fig. 1c).
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Several evidence indicate OsHMA2 – a putative zinc (Zn) transporter – as the main candidate protein that could be involved in mediating Cd- and Zn-xylem loading in rice.
Several experimental sources of evidence indicate OsHMA2 – a putative Zn transporter belonging to the P1B-type ATPase family – as the main candidate protein that could be involved in mediating Cd- and Zn-xylem loading in rice (Nocito et al. 2011; Satoh-Nagasawa et al. 2012; Takahashi et al. 2012).
Such behaviors were probably dependent on Cd-xylem loading mechanisms, as suggested by: i) the analysis of Zn and Cd content in the xylem sap performed in relation to the concentration of the two metals in the mobile fractions of the roots; ii) the analysis of the systemic movement of 107Cd in short term experiments performed using a positron-emitting tracer imaging system (PETIS).
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