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Instead, the X-ray constrained wavefunction (XCW, [96]) approach, implemented in the software package TONTO [97], provides a pseudo-quantum mechanical wavefunction constrained to reproduce the experimentally observed structure factors.
In order to assess how TT30 binds to C3d and C3b, we determined the TT30 solution structure by a combination of analytical ultracentrifugation, X-ray scattering and constrained modeling.
XRD, X ray diffraction.
At the end of 1895, Wilhelm Röntgen discovered X rays.
The X rays found a tumor".
These observations were designed to constrain the X-ray emission process: whereas synchrotron emission would necessitate the presence of extremely high energy electrons with a halflife of a few years or less, inverse Compton emission from a relativistic jet would arise from low energy electrons with very long halflives.
Estimates of the extinction to the central engine of IC5063 at different wavelengths (X-ray, NIR and MIR) provide further constrains on the extinction by torus.
Model coordinates were subsequently optimized with respect to standard geometry [30] and constrained to obey perfect two-fold symmetry using Refmac without X-ray restraints [31].
Low mass X-ray binaries, which contain neutron stars, provide a number of methods to constrain the stellar parameters.
"They are X-rays".
Not X-rays.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com