However, although the studies on peer feedback abound in the literature, most target the face-to-face or written modality; few investigate the pedagogic potential of videos in enhancing students' engagement in the feedback provision process.
This means that being able to participate in contemporary political discourse is not contingent only upon access to digital technologies or peoples' skills in a specific language-variety or oral or written modality.
This suggests that vocabulary tests all need to assess learners' ability to identify a word in both aural and written modalities.
In contrast, the Hindi English (and Gujarati) languaging in the oral and written modalities in the In-dataset, it can be argued, is more inclusive for citizens.
The "dimensional" approach, on the other hand, contends that vocabulary depth encompasses various aspects of knowledge about words, such as form, meaning, and use in both receptive and productive senses and in both spoken and written modalities (Nation 2001; Schmitt 2014).
He writes: 'Modalities that have weaker competition in their relevant studies are more likely to be found to be effective than those that have been pitted against stronger competition' (p. 1493).
Experiment 1 involved the re-analysis of the data from Noppeney et al. [ 2006], so that we could focus on how left OT activation was influenced by stimulus modality (written words vs. pictures) and the interaction of stimulus modality with category (animals vs. tools) and task (semantic vs. non-semantic).
The first choice in this system is modality: writing or drawing.
164 students of different education levels (Junior high: 89; High vocational: 75) engaged in ER learning activities (2 hours per week, 11 weeks totally) and their CT skills were evaluated at different phases during the activity, using different modality (written and oral) assessment tools.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of modality (written text vs. spoken text) and visual cueing (low cueing vs. high cueing) on the learning and mental effort of participants studying a computer-based static diagram at their own pace.
Although suggestive, these predictions might be taken with a grain of salt when we remember the impressive progress made with CT in recent years, although many wrote off this modality in the 1990s.
