Sentence examples for wound reactions from inspiring English sources

In temperate deciduous hardwood trees, wound reactions that entail cell dedifferentiation and cell proliferation (such as the formation of wound periderms, callus cells and wound xylem) occur only during the growing season (Trockenbrodt 1991; Grünwald et al. 2002; Frankenstein et al. 2005; Copini et al. 2014).

In the 4 °C treatment, wound reactions were virtually absent.

We then studied wound reactions in the living bark, cambial region and xylem.

At low temperatures, wound reactions, including necrosis of cambial cells, are virtually absent and are likely delayed until the temperature rises again.

In an experiment, we investigated the effect of wounding on Acer palmatum trees during winter-bud dormancy and found that in the cold (4 °C) temperature treatment, wound reactions were virtually absent.

In contrast, studies on wound reactions in A. pseudoplatanus, B. pendula, Fagus sylvatica and Fraxinus excelsior have found that more cambial dieback is measured at the end of the growing season after wounding during winter dormancy (December) than after wounding in autumn and spring (Dujesiefken and Liese 1990; Dujesiefken et al. 1991).

For validation, we applied our classifier genes to three independent datasets [ 10, 19, 20] and examined whether each molecular subtype in the different datasets shared the same unique gene expression patterns associated with cell cycle proliferation, wound response, stromal reaction and vascular endothelial normalization of tumors, in each of the datasets.

Three additional genes, Melanization Protease 1 (MP1), Serpin-27A (Spn27andand Hemolectin (Hml) are involved in the melanisation response [ 75, 76] and can therefore be triggered by bacterial infection or wound healing reactions.

With the exception of defensin, all immune genes were up-regulated in mated queens and this is likely to result in higher immunocompetence as more defense molecules, such as antimicrobial peptides, are produced, and cellular responses or wound healing reactions may be more effective.

One explanation for up-regulation of immune genes in females after mating might be activation of the immune system by immune elicitors associated with the male reproductive apparatus or the ejaculate, or by a traumatic insemination event that leads to wound healing reactions.

There has been a significant seasonal variation of the wind reaction to the IMF polarity changes observed.