An additional number of factors can be evoked to explain why the three groups would be diverging, including differences in their geographic distribution, adaptative selection, or simply as a result of the dependence of recombination on homology between donor and recipient [ 4, 94, 96, 101, 102].
In order for previously unknown members of a phylum to be outside of the range of GC-contents calculated for that phylum from the metagenomic samples, they would have to be diverged enough from the sequenced members of that phylum so as not to be assigned to the same phyla.
These genes would have been diverging over a long period of time accumulating all the possible substitutions leading to amino acid changes allowed by the functional constraints of the flagellins.
This should be regarded as a minimum estimate, as the large evolutionary distance between tuatara and chicken (~285 MYA, [ 10]) means that many tuatara orthologues of chicken genes would be too diverged to align.
And hybrid offspring of these uninfected wasps are fertile and healthy -- there are none of the problems that would crop up if the genes were diverging.
It was determined that the crew did not notice this error or subsequently perform navigational checks, that would have revealed that the aircraft was diverging further and further from its assigned route.
Since March, when the broadcasters announced their joint effort to bring free, ad-supported television shows to the Web, critics have pounced, predicting the venture would be doomed by diverging agendas, technical challenges and an all-powerful enemy: YouTube.
But the underlying cause is the continuing flatlining of the economy and the coalition's real-terms cuts to welfare and health spending, from which Labour would be unlikely to diverge in dramatic ways.
The proteins would initially retain the ability to assemble microtubules, but since microtubules were presumably not functional in Prosthecobacter they would be free to diverge.
