The key goals of this manualised intervention are to: teach strategies for controlling worry and excessive threat monitoring; modify underlying unhelpful beliefs about worry; develop appropriate monitoring and screening behaviours; encourage acceptance of the uncertainty brought about by a cancer diagnosis; clarify values and encourage engagement in values-based goal setting.
Appington lets developers worry about developing, however, according to Haukiojia, and takes care of the trickier parts itself.
This six item questionnaire assesses the degree of worry about developing cancer and the impact of worry on daily functioning in the previous month (Hopwood et al, 2001; Brain et al, 2002; Fry et al, 2003; Henderson et al, 2008).
This was adapted to create a scale assessing breast cancer worry and a separate scale to assess worry about developing ovarian cancer.
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A validated single item will measure women's level of worry about developing breast cancer, using four verbal response categories ranging from not worried at all to very worried.
The CWS-R (Lerman and Schwartz, 1993) assesses degree of worry about developing cancer and includes two additional items: (Watson et al, 1999) assessing frequency of worry and the extent to which worry is a problem.
There were no changes in the level of worry about developing ovarian cancer over the course of the study which may be because level of worry was fairly low at the outset (although higher in affected women than other groups), perhaps due to the rarer nature of ovarian cancer and it receiving less media coverage.
These items were as follows: 'During the last 2 weeks, how often did you worry about developing breast cancer yourself (again)?', and 'During the last 2 weeks, how often did your worries about breast cancer interfere with your daily activities?' on a four-point scale ranging from 1 (almost never) to 4 (almost all the time).
The scale includes items to assess how worry about developing cancer has affected mood and activities in the last month, and the frequency and intensity of worry.
