It needed to be a simple and clear idea that would work irrespective of language.
The work of language researchers like Sue Savage-Rumbaugh, Lyn Miles and Penny Patterson has been crucial because they are showing that great apes are clearly self-aware and can use complex communications systems that begin to approach human language.
Models of communicative competence in a second language invoked in defining the construct of widely used tests of communicative language ability have drawn largely on the work of language specialists.
For someone like myself, who loves nothing more than the chance to find a work of language that innovates on the way a story on paper might be told, the book's ambition is very exciting.
DARPA is conducting a research project known as Translingual Information Detection, Extraction and Summarization, whose aim is to provide English speakers with working translations of languages like Arabic and Chinese.
A lot of artists are working with language now, I say.
Amharic is a Semitic language and is the official working language of Ethiopia.
Iñárritu acknowledges the particular challenge of working in a language most people have never even heard.
Swedish is one the official languages of the European Union and one of the working languages of the Nordic Council.
The interviews were carried out in English, the working language of health workers in Uganda but a second language for most people.
