The Republican Party is shameless in its embrace of ignorance and its assault on science, evolution, workers' rights, a woman's right to choose — the list goes on and on.
Detailed quantitative observations on resource allocation in eusocial insects are needed to analyse the relevance of alternative explanations, e.g. logistic colony growth or reproductive conflict between queen and workers, for the evolution of graded allocation strategies.
Detailed quantitative field or laboratory observations on resource allocation in eusocial insects are required to analyse the relevance of alternative explanations, e.g. logistic colony growth or reproductive conflict between queen and workers, for the evolution of graded allocation strategies.
There was a spectrum of activities that eventually led to CDTI, from a top down, 'paramilitary' approach of distribution of the ivermectin tablets by a mobile team of health workers, through the evolution of community-based treatment with ivermectin (CBTI), to the grass-roots Community Directed Treatment with Ivermectin (CDTI).
Consequently, these species may provide interesting fodder for investigating the evolution of worker reproduction: when effective paternity is near 2.0, relatedness is not predicted to determine whether workers favor worker- or queen-derived males, as their relatedness to these two types of males is equal [ 58].
(Note, however, that the precise significance of haplodiploidy for the evolution of worker sterility is a controversial question; see Maynard Smith and Szathmary 1995 ch.16, Gardner, Alpedrinha and West 2012).
Evolution of worker specialization occurred for c ≥ 2, in a highly consistent way across replicates.
Adaptive evolution of worker behavior is therefore likely to increase linkage disequilibrium and interference selection in GC-rich regions, which in turn can select for the evolution of additional recombination hotspots.
Understanding the molecular mechanisms that drive these dwarf eldest daughters to perform altruistic behaviours can provide insight into the evolution of worker behaviour, which is the foundation for the evolution of eusocial societies.
If maternal care is the basis for the evolution of worker behaviour, then the maternal heterochrony hypothesis (MHH) predicts that gene expression associated with sibling care by offspring would be coupled with parental care exhibited by mothers.
